What is "Reality"?
There are countless people all over the World who desperately wish to escape from their perceived "situation" and even more from those seeking to "manifest" their idea of a perfect "life".
There are millions around the World - probably tens of millions in fact - who have watched the movie "The Secret", but nevertheless cannot, no matter how hard they "try", replicate the results depicted in the movie.
Many others have heard of the "Law of Attraction" from the numerous and ever increasing books, websites, courses, seminars and other resources on the subject, following the success of The Secret.
Millions have seen the features about "The Secret" on the shows of Oprah, Larry King and other respected people who are to be thanked for bringing to humanity the glorious truth that we are never "victims of circumstance", but rather powerful Beings blessed with the latent ability to determine any Experience desired.
But yet still 99.99% of those who have thus become aware, have not been able to change their Experience even one iota, and in many, if not most cases have been left feeling frustrated and powerless.
However, crucially, the primary reason that people fail is simply because they do not know or understand the true nature of what we call the "Universe", and of their relationship with the Universe, and how this relates to Experience, instead believing themselves to be powerless "mere" humans, here only as an accident of nature or even by "chance".
The only way to become empowered to determine your own experience is to understand your own relationship with what is known as "Reality", and our individual role within that greater Reality.
Now this is a monumental undertaking by any standards. But for now it will be helpful for you to begin to understand Who you really Are and of your relationship with All that Is.
First we must deal with the so called "Law of Attraction".
The Law of Attraction has been popularized by the movie "The Secret" and the high profile TV shows that followed - notably Oprah who many of us have tremendous respect for in her courage in bringing all these crucial matters to her viewers for all the right reasons.
But in the interests of moving forward we have to be honest and say that the "Law of Attraction" as presented, is not only pseudo science at best - it has also become a pseudo-religion.
There have been many apparent successes by people using the "methods" of ‘attraction’. Indeed there has - but not due to the "methods" themselves, but due to those people invoking forces they are not aware of, and which forces the Law of Attraction makes no mention of.
Many will have heard of the "miraculous" properties of the waters of the shrines at different places - and there have been apparent "miracles".
But as with the Law of Attraction - for every "miracle" people focus on, thus perpetuating the myth, there are hundreds of thousands, even millions, who experience nothing at all, and go away feeling disillusioned and frustrated for all the same reasons.
True, consistent, reliable success can only be enjoyed from a single position - Empowerment born out of Knowledge.
Let us make a start.
First and foremost the "Universe" - All that Is – consists fundamentally of these three characteristics which are inseparable:
1. Mind
2. Energy
3. Vibration
The first question we must ask is probably also the biggest as well as the most difficult to answer because ultimately it is subjective, not objective.
So what then can we say about the nature of "reality".
Reality depends entirely upon the perspective of the observer, which in turn defines the Experience which the observers consider to be "reality". To the extent this personal Experience is "reality" it is simply therefore their "personal reality".
So what is really "real"?
If we can know the true nature of our physical experience, then we will be empowered to consciously determine the nature of that experience, and accordingly shape it to our individual wishes, needs and desires.
Now this is where things are going to get deeper and perhaps surprising or even shocking, yet we must never allow our emotions to dictate our understanding.
Humans on Earth are here to begin the process of Evolution through physical experience - quite simply because it is so challenging, but nevertheless a necessary primary necessary step.
The Higher Self sends numerous aspects of Its Self to Earth or other planets as "messengers", each with its own "brief" to realize and return with a particular set of experiences that the Higher Self requires, until finally complete enough to "graduate". Then and only then may the complete Higher Self assume the personality of the Master Incarnation and continue on to much greater roles in the grand scheme - far beyond the remotest comprehension of mortal humans on Earth. Yet this is the destiny of everyone without exception.
Where things "went wrong" thousands of years ago, and increasingly so ever since, is that humans have lost touch with their Higher Self, believing themselves to be helpless mortals, trapped in a physical body, in a "harsh", unforgiving, physical world, at the mercy of "circumstances" that unfold around them, but over which they have no control.
Humans have increasingly turned to material "things" for comfort and also religions to appease their "gods" in the hope of being favoured in some way to make their life, and afterlife easier.
For millennia agents of the forces of darkness have taken advantage of this increasingly frail and powerless humankind, enslaving humans for their own dark, insidious purposes.
During the last 1700 years this has been achieved through one primary avenue - orthodox religion - in particular the religion invented by the Romans for this purpose - the Roman church – which controls their congregation by invoking fear and guilt.
In the last few centuries another mode of control has emerged - money supply. Everyone is experiencing one result of this ongoing manipulation, during this last year in particular.
So clearly it is crucial for humanity to free itself in order to achieve its full potential as a fully empowered Divine Being experiencing true Joy, Fulfillment, Perfect Health and Freedom.
So let us now begin the understanding leading to the fulfillment of our potential.
Look around you.
What do you see?
Your PC or Laptop, the desk or lap upon which it rests, the "chair" upon which you are seated, the "walls" and "ceiling" for example.
We want to suggest you that none of these are "real".
In actual fact, in absolute terms, there is no "PC", "desk", "chair", "walls", "ceiling" and so on, except to the extent you believe there is.
Why do you believe that the "PC", "desk", "chair", "walls", "ceiling" and everything else around you actually exists?
For one reason, and one reason only.
Because your five physical senses - sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch tells your brain that these "things" exist, so they must be "real".
But the point is this.
These "things" would not be "real" if it were not for your physical body, without which there would be no sensory inputs and no brain.
Now we all know that we are not our "body" - we are Mind. Mind is not the brain or the body, but rather the Mind controls the body, and therefore how the body interacts with its sphere of conscious awareness.
This is a very difficult reality to grasp for most people, so let us now take a closer look.
For most people, "reality" may be defined through their "physical" experience - in other words those "things" they can tangibly see, touch, smell, taste and hear.
In the case of science we can add to this list of scientific instruments.
But is this "reality"?
To help us to answer this question let us for a moment turn to the only branch of the sciences that is willing to grasp the true nature of "reality" - Quantum Physics including Quantum Mechanics.
But before we do this we must first take a look at the origins and "creation" of the "Universe" itself to even begin to understand the true nature of "matter" in the context of Quantum Mechanics.
Most scientists today still subscribe to the Newtonian view of a strictly 3 dimensional Universe of matter - height, length and width which taken together also provide depth, mass.
But this is actually erroneous because there is a fourth dimension - "time". Time is inseparable from the three dimensions of "space".
The physical Universe is actually therefore a function of what is known as "space-time".
Einstein demonstrated this in his "Special Theory of Relativity" which also takes in to account what we know as "mass", "velocity" and therefore "gravity".
But these are still simply physically experienced through the perspective and inherent limitations of a physical human body.
However - the Newtonian perspective of the Universe is entirely erroneous - and here is why.
The largely held belief of most astrophysicists and others involved with the question of the origins of the Universe is that "everything" in existence - physical existence that is - came in to being as a result of something they quaintly referred to as the "Big Bang Theory".
The "big bang theory" is doomed from the start, simply because there was no "big bang".
The "big bang theory" rests on the totally erroneous assumption that the Universe as science knows it, arose out of a primordial "event" that took place in the context of what they understand to be a 3 dimensional sphere of possibilities - 4 including "time".
To put it another way - scientists are seeking the origins of the "big bang" within the Newtonian Universe of matter.
So it is better to save your time - you will never find that origin. It does not exist within the physical, Universe.
Scientists cannot understand why - if there was a "big bang" originating from somewhere within what is now considered to be the physical Universe, the entire Universe is a similar ambient temperature.
Surely if the big bang originated within the physical Universe, temperatures would fluctuate in accordance with the distance from this "event"?
Well this is what really took place - even the words "took place" is erroneous, but there are no other words to apply so they will do for the purposes of this discussion.
What humans know as the "Universe" originated within - with Source, First Cause – the incomprehensible Intelligence existing at the very centre of All that Is, as Energy at the very highest vibration.
We cannot even talk in terms "in the beginning", because in truth there was no "beginning, and there is no "end", but again, in the interests of grasping these processes, we still need to use the crude language available to us.
So "in the beginning" this supreme, incomprehensible Intelligence "decided" - and again "decided" is the only word we can use in this context - to bring in to Being a much greater sphere of Existence, in order Subjectively Experience and thereby Expand. Again - no one knows or can know the "reasons" for this - Source does not need a "reason" and does not "think" in those human like terms anyway.
In the "beginning" or moment of creation, from Source emerged an immensely powerful "event" that caused Energy to radiate out in all directions as what humans would conceive of as a "sphere".
As this uniform radiation of Energy continued to radiate "outwards", the Vibration of this Energy progressively slowed, and as it did so became more "coarse" and "dense", until eventually the Vibration of this Energy slowed enough to allow it to differentiate in to what humans know as "matter" - and thus the Newtonian 3D/4D Universe was born.
So you see the "creation" event did not originate at a point, in the observable physical Universe, and subsequently radiate "across" an already existent 3D void, it rather originated within much higher levels of Vibration, radiating outwards until Energy differentiated in to the 3 dimensional environment known as the Universe which came in to Being uniformly in the same moment of Now.
And this is why the entire 3D Universe is the same temperature. It came in to Being uniformly giving rise to a uniform "temperature".
If an Apple represents the entire Universe - All that Is – then Source, First Cause exists at the Core of the Apple, the Seed – the highest Vibration, and the physical Newtonian Universe is represented by the outer skin of the Apple where Energy slowed to the point where it achieved the potential differentiate in to what humans perceive as "matter".
Actually it is not really "matter" as we will soon see. It is rather a very specific environment or Energy state.
Between the skin of the Apple and the Core we have the flesh of the Apple which represents the spheres of Vibration in between the skin and the core. Most scientists deny the existence of these higher levels of Energy and Vibration, simply because it can neither be measured, substantiated or quantified by their physical instruments - which is not surprising.
The Apple then also represents all levels of vibration and therefore spheres of what we may consider to be a model of All that Is.
Just under the skin of the Apple lies the Etheric plane of Energy, and just beyond that lays the Astral plane of Energy. It is this Astral Plane of Energy that humans transition to after leaving the physical body during the change known as "death".
Without getting too deeply involved and beyond the scope of this discussion, suffice it to say that it is the destiny of all of us to start at the skin of the Apple, and Evolve through the flesh of the Apple - Energy at increasing rates of Vibration - until we once again reach the Core from Whence we came in the "beginning".
This process also represents the solution to the mystery "Alchemy", "transmutation" and the "Philosophers Stone" - but we must leave Alchemy for another day.
This process takes place as Experience gives rise to increasing levels of perfection, in turn giving rise to an increase in the Vibration of our Unique Energy Field that represents who we Are.
As our Energy Field increases in Vibration, we automatically Transition to the sphere of the Universe with the corresponding rate of Vibration - this is the true nature of Spiritual Evolution.
Earth - indeed the entire physical Universe is the Kindergarten (KG) of all that Is. The Astral Planes are an extension of that KG.
Every Unique Energy Field - Human - must graduate from KG before moving on to the greater glories of all that is at the higher Vibrations - only then does the journey "proper" really begin, to Spheres that are glorious beyond he comprehension of most Earthly humans.
This is also the solution to the metaphor of the "fallen angel" known as "Lucifer".
Lucifer is a metaphor for the human Ego Mind - every human is actually represented by Lucifer having left or "fell from" Source, Christ Mind" to a material reality. The mission of every Human as a Luciferian Mind is to reunite once again with Christ Mind and thus the cycle would be complete - or would be if it were not for the fact that this process is Eternal - without beginning or end.
But this was no "punishment" - quite the contrary in fact - it is Divine process, and we should feel Joy accordingly. Only religion has misunderstood these truths so completely as to erroneously turn Lucifer in to something "evil" thereby implying all humans are "evil" and Earth is "hell". Of course to many it seems that way.
So here we are then for now - humans on Earth experiencing our sphere of conscious awareness through the five physical senses.
But then is this "reality".
What humans regard as "reality", as mentioned before, is that aspect of the entire sphere of conscious awareness that is experienced at any moment through the mediation of the five physical senses sending millions of sensory inputs per second to the organic brain, thus compiling an Experience.
What is Experience?
"Experience" is only as "real" as the conscious Mind, the Ego Mind, the Luciferian Mind operating through the mediation of the five physical senses feeding sensory input to the organic brain leads you, as your Ego Mind chooses to believe it is.
We can easily show that this experience is not "real" through "death" or metaphysical procedures such as Astral Projection. We will exclusively cover the topic of Astral Projection in our forthcoming write ups.
We mention Astral Projection only because it is not practical to "die" purely for the purposes of gaining this perspective, because obviously once "dead" we cannot normally return to the lifeless physical body in order to document and assimilate the experience thus gained.
Astral Projection is the one of the best "tools" we have therefore for this purpose.
Actually, in the interests of completion there is another – the "Near Death Experience" - but this is not something that can be planned or controlled - at least not safely.
Astral Projection is not a projection of a "body" – erroneously known as the Astral Body - because that concept would ensnare us in the trap of duality which is in and of itself erroneous.
What we know as the mystical experience of Astral Projection is in fact an expansion of consciousness to encompass a much wider sphere of Energy and therefore Vibration than is normally the case during waking consciousness.
Actually everyone without exception undergoes this every night during sleep, but simply not conscious of it - the Mind during sleep is generally in an "unconscious" state. The phenomena known as "rapid eye movement, "REM", is the moment this expansion of consciousness takes place.
Recalled vivid dreams however are often residual memories of these Astral Experiences.
With Astral Projection we take control over this natural process by retaining fully conscious awareness of the sleep process and thereby experiencing the event. Everyone has this latent capability.
With experience we may consciously choose to "project" whenever we choose, without having to rely on the natural sleep process.
But anyway - any of these experiences - "death", "near death" or "Astral Projection" will serve to illustrate the crucial factor that we must first establish in the interests of our understanding of the greater "picture".
Quite simply this is why:
If we locate ourselves in a physical environment, our bedroom, living room - any room - note what we perceive to be "real", and then we remove our physical body from the experience, we immediately see that what we previously believed to be "real" is not real at all.
We can make these observations because Mind and Spirit, our unique Energy Field, like all Energy is indestructible - it is Eternal.
Only the physical body of matter - to the extent it exists – more about that later - is temporary and transient.
When we "die", experience "near death" or consciously "Astral Project", we immediately notice that we are the same person as before - same character, same thoughts, same memories, same beliefs, same everything - but no longer within the context of a physical body.
The next thing we notice is that our environment initially looks almost the same as the one we located in before this event, but the moment we "think" something, our environment instantly changes in accordance with the nature of the thought.
If we think about experiencing a particular object, it instantly appears and remains until we think about something else.
We notice very quickly that now our Experience is extremely fluid.
We still possess what we perceive as a "body", which seems even more "real" and solid" than the one made of matter we just left behind.
The next thing we notice is that we are no longer subject to "gravity".
If you believe "gravity" exists then you will remain rooted to what you perceive as the "floor", but if you accept that there is no "gravity" then you can float in the air - even fly at the speed of thought, to "anywhere" within your sphere of imagination.
Now this is the first crucial point of understanding our true relationship with our environment and therefore what we perceive as "reality".
There are only one set of Universal Principles that regulate every sphere of Creation from the very highest Vibration of Source to the lowest of Energy Vibration of matter. Remember the metaphor of the apple.
So now we have verification that what we suspected is true.
What people perceive as "reality" is a trick of the organic brain which the Conscious, Ego Mind, in the absence of any competing evidence, subscribes to and accepts as fact - or "reality". In fact it is no more than an illusion, or a dream that humans become completely absorbed by.
Another consideration is the role of "time".
In reality there is no "time" - there is no "space" there is only the Present Moment of Now - which is Eternal. Within the supreme Mind of Source, All that Is exists simply as an "Idea" - each of us exists as an "idea" or "thought form" within the Sphere of Activity of Universal Mind.
Humans seek to create objective time by making "clocks" and other time measurement devices, arbitrarily based upon the relative positions of the Earth, Moon and Sun.
"Time" however is entirely subjective. A pleasant experience can pass all too "quickly" whereas an unpleasant experience seems to "drag on" forever. The human obsession with time is imposing considerable limitations upon human potential.
But here is the point we are reaching at this stage of the discussion.
Once we understand and accept the fact that what we "Experience" is not "fixed" but rather "fluid" in accordance with the nature of our thoughts and is independent of "time", then we are free to use the infinite power of Mind to generate any Experience we desire – but it is still not "reality", because it is a personal experience, not an absolute experience common to All.
Of course due to the fact that the human sphere of activity is focused within the material, physical time oriented environment, the low Vibration and other factors associated with space-time implies that in order to influence our Experience, we must apply a considerable and single pointed "presence of Mind" driven by the appropriate states of Mind which we will discuss later.
Anyone with that ability, and it is latent in everyone, can "change" their Experience at will to literally anything they can Imagine, just as if they were Experiencing the higher Astral Projection, death, near-death Experience.
All Experiential limitations are self-imposed - always.
What humans conceive as "Life" is actually an illusion - a Dream.
An excellent metaphor in fact is the "Matrix" as depicted in the movies of he same name.
The main difference is that your Matrix instead of being projected by a super-computer as in the movies, is actually a projection of Source, First Cause - other than that they are remarkably similar.
When Neo was rescued from the Matrix and shown its true nature, he was then able to consciously "plug-in" to the Matrix at will, interact with it, and change it according to his situation.
Consider the material world as the Matrix and yourself as a Neo, and you have an excellent metaphor as a basis for your Experience.
All you must do is free yourself from the illusion, the dream that you are currently permanently plugged in to, and Empower yourself to consciously plug yourself in to any circumstance you wish to Experience.
Understanding and accepting what we have discussed so far is crucial to your Empowerment, so let us now take the discussion one step further by looking at "reality" from the perspective of Quantum Mechanics.
Everything you see around you - PC, desk, chairs, drink, food - everything - you probably currently consider to be made of "material" of some kind.
What is "material"?
"Molecules and atoms" you reply.
What do "molecules" and "atoms" consist of?
If you know much about physics you might reply "sub-atomic particles". You may even mention protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, leptons and so on.
Indeed scientists are currently seeking the illusive "God Particle" using the "Hadron Collider" at Cern, when it finally becomes fully functional.
But these scientists are chasing the proverbial "pot of gold" at the end of the rainbow.
Why?
Because none of these "sub-atomic particles" actually really exists unless an attempt is made to observe or even measure them.
Or to put it another way - if no attempt was made to observe measure, quantify or qualify these so called "particles", they would not exist at all.
They are chasing an illusion created by their own "ideas".
If they want to find the "God particle" they will eventually find it - but it is still not "real" except to the scientists who will report to the world as "real" – thus perpetuating the illusion.
So what is the point?
Mostly scientists are driven by the urge to discover new "things" - the meaning and benefit of these "things" is not something they generally concern themselves with too much.
But this is fine - they are following their passions in life, feeling fulfilled and presumably enjoying their experience - which is good.
Next we must begin to get to the core of this question about what is considered to be "reality" - on whichever scale it is observed.
Most people will accept that the building blocks of "material" are elementary atoms and molecules that form the composites of the material "things" that we know as "PC'", "chairs", "TV's", "cars", "homes" and so on.
And of course we, as our physical, organic body are also "things" constituted of these building blocks.
When you say "there is Joe" or "here comes Sue", you are simply applying a label that you can relate to an image composed by your brain and subscribed to by your Conscious Ego Mind based upon the sensory inputs your five sense organs provide.
It does not make the person "real", simply because our true nature is Mind - not body.
According to quantum physics - an elementary atom - only exists as such when an attempt is made to measure it - i.e. quantify and qualify it as we have previously noted.
If that same atom is not being observed and measured - even the act of observation constitutes "measurement" since the very act of observation is performed with view to "making sense of it".
If the atom is not being observed, then it simply dissipates back to its native state - pure Energy, encompassing All that Is.
In other words an atom is not a "rigid" structure - it is transient.
The fundamental influence over the transient nature and behaviour of the atom is Mind.
It is Mind and Mind alone that makes the substantive observation that causes Energy to convert in the form of an observable, measurable, albeit transient elementary atomic particle.
So what does this mean in practical terms?
Well clearly as all matter - all material "things" - are ultimately comprised of atomic particles - elementary atoms forming molecules - then the only conclusion we can arrive at is that every "thing" we accept as "material" only exists because we subscribe, or "opt-in" to its very existence through the process of observation, which in turn generates sensory inputs fed to the brain, which then makes its "best guess" as to the nature of that which is being observed before reporting its findings back to the Conscious Mind which generally accepts the conclusion of the brain.
If the Mind does not accept the conclusion of the brain, then we regard it as an "illusion".
This applies at all levels of human experience from the personal to the collective.
This is said to pre-empt any objection that you know lots of things exist before you even physically see observe them for yourself.
This is true for the following reason.
Although people think of themselves as an "individual" Mind, they are also an integral aspect of the collective Human Mind, and therefore the collective Human Experience.
Every material "thing" on Earth has its "existence" - to the extent to which it "exists" at all - within the collective Human plane of Consciousness which has its Collective Being upon the Mental Plane of the Human Mind. It is within these "Causal Spheres" of the Human Mind - every species of life has its own collective plane of Mind - that everything Humans subscribe to - believe in - materialize on Earth - in our case - as a Collective Experience.
Towns and cities are subsets of that collective experience, because thousands or millions of people subscribe to them, as well as interact, and therefore observe or "measure them every day.
The same applies in the Astral planes even more so. Everyone there still believes in the material form and function they were so used to on Earth, so when people "pass-on" they simply recreate an environment that they feel comfortable with.
This is why the "afterlife" looks and feels so similar to Earth life, so much so that very often people do not even believe they have "died" at all - as is with cases of sudden death - and need to be convinced by other residents that they are no longer on Earth.
Of course the "afterlife" seems much more "solid", "real" and "vibrant" than Earth, due to its much higher, finer vibration, with colours and sounds way beyond physical human comprehension due to the higher vibration, and absence of crude physical visual apparatus and the organic brain.
But the "afterlife" is still a mass illusion subscribed to by billions of people from all "time-lines" relative to Earth, who do not yet know any better.
Eventually everyone realises the illusion for what it truly is and can then transition to the inner spheres of Energy, beyond "form", where we do not even have a "body" - we experience ourselves in our natural, native state as "points" of Energy - an Energy field within the great Energy field.
So what does this tell us?
Quite simply that everything you previously thought of as "real" or "material" or "fixed" really isn't - it is infinitely fluid.
This in turn means that once you know how to control your Mind, you can control or Express any Experience of your choosing, providing it is within your sphere of imagination, understanding, belief and other factors.
There is graphical anecdotal evidence of this.
When the Spanish first approached what is now Central America, the natives were looking out over the sea and became confused when they could see large "bow waves" as if something was moving through and displacing large volumes of water.
This was caused of course by the large Spanish ships - but the natives could not see the ships at all - all they could see was a clear horizon over the water except for these large bow waves.
Why was this?
Well quite simply because the ships were outside of the sphere of imagination and experience of the natives. Because they had no point of reference as to what a "ship" is or looks like, the Mind of the natives - both personal and collective - could not compose an impression of what was out there from the sensory inputs of the brain - beyond the bow waves - and accordingly they had no way of observing, measuring, qualifying, quantifying or conceptualizing the Spanish ships - they simply did not exist to these natives until much later when they "learned" about them.
So what does this mean?
Where the Spanish ships "real" or not?
Well the short answer is they were "real" to the Spanish sailors, but simply did not exist to the Natives who could not comprehend and therefore see them.
Who was correct then - the Spanish or the Natives?
They both were.
Any "thing" is "real" at the moment it is observed, but only to the observer or collective observers.
What this anecdote does demonstrate is that "matter" is subjective, not objective, and has no fundamental basis of existence.
But again, with the benefit of this knowledge, you can empower yourself by the ability to choose whatever experience you desire.
All so called "psychic", "mystical" or "occult" "powers" are simply referred to as such because the participants fail to understand the true nature of the Universe and of their own latent, infinite Powers.
This is why we can do "Telekinesis" if we choose.
Spoon bending is an excellent example. Those of you who have seen the first Matrix movie will have watched as Neo visited the "Oracle" for the first time. There he saw children levitating toy bricks in the air, and also a boy who was apparently "bending a spoon" with is Mind.
When Neo asked the boy how he bends the spoon, the boy replied "there is no spoon". "It is not the spoon that bends, it is you that bends".
And this is true. If you wish to bend that Energy Thought Form your brain interprets as a "spoon", and which your Conscious, Ego Mind subscribes to, simply know that there is no spoon, and that you are really "bending" Energy, as a Thought Form, which is actually an aspect and extension of yourself - your own sphere of Consciousness.
Plain and simple - if you can Imagine it - you can Experience it.
Now let us look not at "things" but of what humans call "events".
"Events" are Experiences that arrive in our sphere of Conscious Awareness that we were not necessarily expecting.
Humans have a profound tendency to label events – indeed experiences generally - as, for example "good" or "bad" – another example of human duality.
Therefore we can say that "events" are neither "good" or "bad" - they simply "Are".
So let us now then qualify this statement further.
A Temporal "event" is simply the moment at which a specific "event" comprising a "mixture" of components that characterise the "event" are Observed.
But no such Temporal Event can "manifest" in isolation.
In accordance with the Principle of Cause and Effect, every "event" ultimately originates at Source, continues as an infinite chain of causes and effects, a moment of which is observe within our sphere of consciousness as a Temporal Event" before continuing on to Infinity.
This "progression of events" may "travel" through the spheres of consciousness of countless other Beings existing on the same or different levels of Vibration, each Moment of which may be observed in isolation as a Local Temporal "event".
But it is impossible for an "event" to "happen" in isolation.
All "events" originate from Source, First Cause as a continuous stream of "events" - related "Causes" with corresponding "Effects" which continue on to infinity. There is therefore random about these events, they never "happen" in isolation, and never by "chance", "luck", "fortune" or other superstition.
This is why it is erroneous to speak in terms of dualities such as "good" and "bad".
To the extent that each temporal event belongs to this Infinite of events - Causes and Effects - humans Experiencing a single temporal event say it is "good", "bad" or "neutral" in accordance with their own personal perspective as the observer of the event.
Ultimately however every chain of events originates from, and is an aspect of Source - Ultimate Perfection - therefore each element of the chain, the temporally observable events, must be inherently Perfect, regardless how the observer chooses to perceive the event.
It does not matter how "good" or "bad" an event is deemed to be, it still originates from Perfection, and is therefore inherently Perfect. If this were not the case the event could not exist at all.
So how may we summarise these questions of "reality" and "experience"?
To start with we must understand that the entire "Universe" in all spheres of Vibration, exists as an infinite expanse of "possibilities" that are infinitely fluid, and which respond to Mind at both an individual and collective level.
Nothing in the Universe is "fixed" and therefore nothing in the Universe is "real" in accordance with the human concept of "reality".
A "possibility" only becomes Experiential in the moment it is observed, "after" which it returns to be a transient possibility once more. Never at any time was it "real".
What each of you considers as your current "reality" simply represents a tiny subset of the Universe of possibilities that you have chosen to subscribe to and therefore make your current experience.
What people perceive as solid "matter" in isolation, is in reality a component of an infinitely fluid "quantum soup", in which every component is intimately related to all others.
When people observe a particular "experience" and believe it to be "real", then it is "real" only to the extent by which they believe it to be so, and while they continue that perception, "after" which that experience will dissipate back in to native Universal Energy.
When we examine the nature of what people perceive as "objects" closely enough, it quickly becomes apparent that what is being perceived is actually just a tiny fragment of a greater, interconnected environment, and leading to the only possible conclusion that what humans call "matter" does not really exist. "Not only that, "locality" does not exist, space does not exist, and time does not exist.
As humans - individual Energy fields - although we may experience "being in a particular place", we actually exist Everywhere, throughout All that Is concurrently. Sense of Being somewhere only differs in accordance with where in this Infinite "Allness" our Consciousness is focused in the Present Moment of Now.
Let us remind ourselves once again why and how is this so.
Well in our physical body we have a physical organic brain. The brain is constantly collecting countless sensory inputs every second through the mediation of the five physical senses.
The brain is constantly collating all of these sensory inputs and projecting through Individual Consciousness a "best case scenario" which the individual Ego Mind then accepts as their own individual Experience or "material reality".
What a person perceives as "reality" is therefore no more than the way the brain interprets the millions of tiny electrical impulses being received from the sensory inputs of the physical senses.
Each brain may place a different interpretation upon these same sensory inputs, so when one person describes a "car", another may be perceiving something completely different although both may agree, at a physical, temporal level, that it is still a "car".
Furthermore, and this is also crucial to your understanding – how your brain interprets these sensory inputs is determined by your own Conscious and in particular Subconscious beliefs and expectations and accordingly your personal Experience is also determined by these and other factors, including previous experience gained during the physical existence.
So although the brain is creating a perceived picture of "reality" based upon your own perceptions, this does not mean what you are perceiving is "reality" in and of it - only what your Mind perceives as your own personal "reality" through which you experience.
"All that Is" comprises an Infinite Field of Consciousness, Energy Experiencing Itself. Each of us are simply Energy Fields within the Greater Energy Field while still Being intimately connected to the Whole Energy Field.
This is why "death" is an illusion as much as "life" is an illusion.
There is no "life" or "death" there only "Is" in which "we" Are "All" participants at our individual level of Evolution.
But as discussed earlier - strip away the physical body, along with the physical senses and organic brain, leaving only Mind, which is Who we Are, the persistent illusion of material substance, locality and illusion of "time" immediately disappears so we can experience ourselves in our native state - Mind associated with our unique Energy field - the Spiritual I.
Most people however, believing these experiences to be "real", cling to them as if their life depended on it, thereby perpetuating and reinforcing that Experience, while blocking the infinite alternative experiences they may choose at Will.
This is particularly true of what people perceive to be "bad" experiences due to human nature.
People are also afraid to "hope" for something "good" or even "incredible", because of the programming of society with its "too good to be true" attitude towards life, which makes it much easier to believe in "bad" experiences than in "good" experiences.
As a sentient individuated Energy Field and Mind within the greater Universal Energy Field and Universal Mind, we all have the power to Experience anything we choose - indeed that is a fundamental aspect of our very Being.
As we experience individually, the Whole, the All benefits from that Experience and the Universe Expands.
Hope this has formed the basis of a greater understanding upon which you may free your Mind of all of the pre-conceived ideas as to the nature of your Experience, and thus be empowered to determine any Experience you choose through the fundamental Principle of Mind which is Infinite in its Power, restricted only by your own Conscious and Subconscious restrictions that you have chosen to place upon yourself through previous experience, but may remove in an instant.
Remember - there is no other moment but Now, and it is in that Present Moment of Now that we may choose to Experience anything we can Imagine.
Collected From the Articles of Adrian Cooper.
Friday, March 6, 2009
Thursday, March 5, 2009
SOME MORE WONDERS OF THE WORLD
After having a peep into the details of Latest Seven Wonders of the World let us now go into the details of some wonderful creations of nature or human mind which have got a place in the category of World’s Seven Wonders now or at some other times.
We genuinely appreciate your comments and all the readers are most welcome to add to the following, if they have any additional information about the WONDERS.
1 ) Taj Mahal India:
Taj Mahal, a mausoleum built on the southern bank of the Yamuna river, outside Agra in India. It was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal whose real name was Arjumand banu beagum. She died in a child birth in Bhuranpur in 1631 A.D. They got married in 1612 A.D the building was planned to be built in 1632 A.D. It was built by a group of men from India, Persia, Central asia,and beyond. About 20,000 workman were employed daily to complete the complex at the expense of 40,000,000 rupees.
The complex consist of a rectangular plot measuring 1,902 feet x 1,002 feet on each side, bounded on north and south by two oblong sections. The southern oblong has a sand stone gateway to the complex while the northern oblong section terminates at the Yamunas edge directly to the mausoleum. The mausoleum is on the west and east by two symmetrically identical buildings, the mosque and the Jawab respectively.
The whole Taj complex was conceived as an entity because Mughal building architecture allowed no amendment in them. The mosque and Jawab of the Red Sikiri sand stone and some pietra duta (hard stone )surface decoration ,contrast in color and texture with the mausoleum of pure white marble. The mausoleum stands on a marble plinth 23 feet high and has four identical faces with a chamfered corner and a massive arch of height 108 feet on each face. Parapets create the skyline rhythm of the mausoleum over each arch and by pinnacle and domed kiosks on each corner.
The Islamic building activity of Shah Jahan period is marked by fresh emergence in India with Persian features that had been seen in the Humayun tomb at Delhi, began in 1564. The Taj Mahal has won a good praise virtually from the time of the erection. The beauty not only lies in its parts but also in the beauty that is seen when viewed from any angle near the complex. The marble surface reflects continuously sunlight during the daytime. All the resources of the emperor was put into the construction of the complex. In addition to the mausoleum the complex includes a wide variety of accessories building parts that gives the building a great appearance. The mausoleum rises on the four sides of the complex and gives it a great appearance.
The mausoleum of the Taj Mahal is a large impressive sceptural monument. The word is derived from the word mausols, which is a word of the ruler of caria, in memory of his dead wife. the most impressive mausoleum present now is the taj complex only .
The emperor wanted to build a black mausoleum opposite to the marble complex but unfortunately before he could finish it. Lord Curzon said the complex as triumphal on his return from India as the viceroy. He took a personal interest in renovation of the Indian art and architectural monuments. Diamonds and precious stones were depicted on the walls and all were lost during the course of time.
2 ) Hanging Gardens of Babylon
This is one of the most venerated marvels among the seven wonders of world.
Location:
This wonder of the world was located in the east bank of Euphrates, South of Baghdad in Iraq.
Description:
The King Hammurabi is the most famous king of the Babylonian kingdom. The whole kingdom flourished under his rule. His son Nebuchadnezzar is the one who built the Hanging gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven wonders of world.
Nebuchadnezzar ruled the country for 43 years from 605 BC. He constructed impressive array of temples, palaces and streets. It is being told that he built this garden to please his wife, Amyitis. Amyitis, daughter of the king Medes seems to have had a passion for mountainous surroundings. There are some other accounts which say that this wonder of the world was actually built by the Assyrian Queen Semiramis.
The ancient accounts of this hanging gardens (one of the seven wonders of the world) describes the structure to be a stairs like one. The Greek geographer Strabo, describes it as , "the garden consists of vaulted terraces raised one above another, and resting upon cube-shaped pillars. These are hollow and filled with earth to allow trees of the largest size to be planted. The pillars, the vaults, and terraces are constructed of baked brick and asphalt."
The irrigation system was supposedly the complex part built on this gardens. This region had very scarce rains. Slaves were used to push the water upwards using some ancient method of irrigation. Of course there must be some exploitation of slave labor to maintain one among the seven wonders of the world. The gardens did not really hang on the roof using cables or ropes. But this name from the sense that it was built on the roof top. Some accounts state that the gardens are 400 by 400 feet and 80 feet high.
3) Colossus of Rhodes
If this wonder were remaining, this would have been one of the tallest artifacts in the world. This wonder of the world was erected to commemorate the victory of Rhodians against the Antagonids.
Location:
This statue was located in the Harbor of the Mediterranean island Rhodes in Greece. The Island of Rhodes is located at the Southwestern tip of the Asia Minor, where the Aegean sea meets the Mediterranean.
Details:
This is a statue of the Sun god, Helios. On the Island of Rhodes 3 cities Ialysos, Kamiros and Lindos formed a unified city with their capital as Rhodes. During the period around 408 BC they had strong economic and commercial alliance with Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt.
In 357 B.C. this island was captured by Mausolus of Halicarnassus. It was then captured by Persians in 340 B.C. Then it fell into the hands of Alexander the Great in 332 B.C. After Alexander's death, 3 of his generals succeeded in dividing the kingdom for themselves. They are Ptolemy, Seleucus and Antigous. After this Rhodians supported Ptolemy which angered Antigous.
Antagonids in 305 BC, wanted to break their alliance and tried invading Rhodes and found this city to be impenetrable. Antagonids were fighting for almost one full year. By this time the support for Rhodes have started coming in from Egypt. So Antagonids started withdrawing their forces and fled, leaving behind lots of their arms and ammunitions, which lead to the construction of one of the seven wonders of world.
Rhodians sold some of those equipments and to celebrate their victory, erected a statue for their Sun God, Helios. Lot of the metals used in this construction came from the left off belongings of Antagonids. This is the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of world.
The construction took 12 years and the stature was erected in 282 BC. During the earthquake at about 226 BC, this Colossus of Rhodes (statue) was damaged and fell down. When they planned to rebuild it, the idea was dropped because some Oracle said the city will face misfortune if this statue is rebuilt. That was the final chapter to the story of this wonder of the world.
4 ) Leaning Tower of Pisa:
Leaning Tower of Pisa italically called as Tonve Pendente Di Pisa is a medieval structure immortalized by the settling of its foundation, causing it to lean 17 feet(5.2 meters) from the perpendicular. The bell tower, began in 1174 as the third and final structure of the cathedral complex, was designated to stand 185 feet high and was constructed of white marbles. Three of its eight stories were completed when the uneven Settling of the foundation in the soft ground became noticeable. Bonnano Pisano, the engineer in charge of construction of the present tower that leans in Pisa, sought to compensate for the lean by making the new stories slightly taller on the short side, but the extra masonry caused the structure to sink aside still further. Work was suspended several times as engineers sought solutions, but the tower was ultimately topped out in the 14th century and thus it stills leans. In modern times the foundation have been strengthened by injection of cement grounding, but is the late 20th century, the structure was still in danger of collapse, and various schemes were under considerations of saving it.
Galileo, the man who found out that the world is a big ball, round in shape was born in Pisa and the cathedral where the tower is present helped him. Galileo during his study in the college saw the swinging lamp in the bell tower in the leaning tower got the idea of a pendulum that helps in running a clock. The work of Bonnano Pisano was prefixed by Guglino pisano in 1162 and he made the first Pulpit. Bonnano pisano made the bronze doors in 1180, Nicola pisanoi, covered the baptisary pulpit in 1260 and Nicolas son Gicovanni pisano was the sculptor of the present cathedral pulpit in 1310.
Internal struggles help to bring about the occupation of Pisa by the frontiers in 1406. When the French army attacked Italy in 1404, Pisa temporarily, reasserted its independence. It had a lot of war until it was conquered by Florence in 1509. Thereafter, it declined as a provincial Tuscan town. It also has an important railway junction and famous light industries have brought the prosperity to them. Wind spread destruction took away the charm of the leaning tower during the World War II. But, the tourist continued to flock there to see the leaning tower, which is in the danger of collapse now. The Pisa tower marks one of the extra ordinary monuments in the history of western art. There is an uneasy relationship between the carvings on the Gothics, the cathedral and the tower. Historians try to make out the uneasy relationship but still now, they remain in a mess. The look of the 25-sided fountain mixes tale, the old Testaments characters and heraldic characters animals is a beautiful thing to look at. Probably, the relationship between the sculptors and the characters and the carvings may be derived by more detailed study about that Italian history and may we get an answer.
5 ) Light House of Alexandria
This light house of Alexandria was one of the useful wonders among all the seven wonders of the world (for the sailors to return to the Great Harbor). This is a small point that differentiates it from the rest of the wonders of the world. The mirror which was mounted on this lighthouse could reflect the light more than 35 miles off-shore. Of the 6 ancient destroyed wonders, this was the last to be destroyed around 1480 AD.
Location:
On the ancient island of Pharos, now a promontory on the harbor of the city of Alexandria in Egypt.
Description:
This lighthouse was built around 280 BC and was around 134 m in height. This was built in the city of Alexandria.
The light house had a good mirror which can reflect the sun light to a very long distance. Mythical stories used to say that this mirror was used to burn the enemy ships.
The Macedonian conqueror, Alexander during his successful reign, had tried establishing approximately 17 cities in the name of Alexandria. The only one survived long was the one in Egypt. That too even this city was not completely built by Alexander. The completion of the construction of this city was achieved by his commander Ptolemy I Soter.
Ptolemy connected Alexandria to the Pharos island by a bridge. It was realized that the sailing in this coastal region is very dangerous. That is why he decided to build a light house. This project was initiated during Ptolemy's reign in 290 BC and completed after his death by his son Ptolemy Philadelphus. Sostratus who lived in the same time as Euclid, was the architect. This used to remain in the harbor for centuries. This wonder of the world also depicted in the Roman coins that time.
The writings of the Arab conquerors are very good source of information about this lighthouse. The new rulers moved the capital to the Cairo. So this place had lost its importance. Three earthquakes stuck in various periods (around AD 956, AD 1303 and AD 1323 ) have damaged the lighthouse significantly. The during AD 1480 the Egyptian Mamelouk Sultan, has built a medieval fort at the same place. That was the end to the story of the light house.
There are some more tales to the light house. Sostratus after he completed the lighthouse wanted his name to be carved on the light house. This was not allowed by Ptolemy II Philadelphus. Ptolemy II wanted his name to be carved on the structure. But what Sostratus did is he first carved his name underneath, put plasters on it and then carved Ptolemy II's name. After some years, the plasters worn out and his name has come out to be known to all.
The design of the lighthouse was unlike the modern slim lighthouse towers. This was built in 3 stages, each built on top of the lower.
This lighthouse was so popular that the word Pharos came into French, Spanish and Italian to mean lighthouse.
6 ) Pyramid of Giza
Egypt is a place any one would like to go for a vacation. Tourism is such a great money earner for Egypt. And when somebody travels, one of the most preferred place to visit would be the Cairo and the Giza city.
This is one of the largest pyramids in the world and considered to be one of the great among the seven wonders of the world. There are actually 3 Pyramids located in this place along with a Sphinx. The biggest of all is The Great Pyramid of Khufu and this is the only one among the seven wonders of world.
Location:
These architectural marvels are found in Giza City which is located at the northern edge of the Giza Plateau, about 10 miles west of present day Cairo. Cairo is the largest city in Africa and the 5th largest in the world. Giza city was the necropolis of Memphis (of old Egypt). This whole Giza Plateau is situated west of the Nile, bordering Sahara Desert.
Hotels and accommodations can be found very easily in side the city of Cairo very easily.
Details:
This place is a haven for 3 pyramids and a sphinx. The pyramids are
1. Great Pyramid of Khufu - One of the seven wonders of world
2. Great pyramid of Khafre
3. Great Pyramid of Menkaure
If any body plans a vacation travel to Egypt, they must make sure to visit all the 3 Pyramids. A journey to Egypt would be incomplete without visiting them.
Great Pyramid of Khufu:
This pyramid was built by King Khufu around 2560 BC. Khufu is the second Pharaoh of the fourth dynasty of rulers in Egypt. He was also known as "Cheops". Among all the 3 pyramids listed above, the Great Pyramid of Khufu is the only one pyramid in the list of seven wonders of the world.
This pyramid is believed to have been built over 20 years. When it was built its height was around 146 m. But now it is only 137 m. This was one of the tallest structures in the world till 19th century. It was covered with casings of stones to smoothen its surface. It probably is considered to be one among the seven wonders of world because of its sheer size.
The apex of the pyramid is missing and looks like it was never installed. The casings of the pyramids were removed by the Arabs during 14th century. The sloping angle of the sides is 51 degrees and 51 minutes. Each side is oriented towards one of the cardinal points of the compass that is north, south, east and west. This deserves a place among one of the seven wonders of world for its precision.
On the north face, is the pyramid's entrance. The King Khufu's chamber is located at the heart of the pyramid. The king's coffin is made of red granite, as like the interior walls of his chamber. 5 boat pits surround Khufu's Pyramid on the south and the east. Two of these are believed to be used by the Pharaoh during his life time. One boat is made into a Boat Museum.
This is the only one existing wonder, among all the seven wonders of world.
Great pyramid of Khafre:
Khafre is the son of Khufu and is also known as Rakhaef or chefren and is the second largest Pyramid on the Giza site. He ruled from 2520 - 2494 BC. He built the Khafre pyramid, the sphinx, the mortuary temple and the valley temple. This pyramid is the only one on the top of which the casing still remains.
The burial chamber underground contains a red granite sarcophagus with its lid. Next to this, a square cavity which is believed to have held the canopy chest containing the Pharaoh's viscera.
This pyramid was built approximately during the period 2558 - 2532 BC. Its base is 702 ft square and the height originally was around 143.4 m and now is 136.1 m. This is not one among the seven wonders of world.
Great Pyramid of Menkaure:
Menkaure, also known as Mycerinus, ruled from 2490 - 2472 B.C. He built the smallest of the three pyramids at Giza, and is believed to be Khufu's grandson.
The height of this pyramid now is 62 m. To the south of this Menkaure pyramid, there are 3 small, minor and incomplete pyramids/tombs. One of them (the largest among the three), is supposedly built by Menkaure's principal wife. A coffin with bones of a young woman was found in the central tomb. This also is not part of the seven wonders of world.
Great Sphinx:
This Sphinx is attached to Khafre's complex, north of Khafre's valley temple and with a separate temple of its own. This is a figure with a lion's body and a man's face, which is supposed to be the guardian of the necropolis. This is believed to be a manifestation of sun god.
How to reach there:
The best way is to get to Cairo first. This could be through air or sea depending on the visitor's convenience. After that take a cab to Giza. In about 6-7 miles the Sphinx and Great Giza Pyramids should become visible.
7 ) Statue of Zeus
This is one of the interesting stories to know about. This statue is associated with our favorite Olympic games which is being a widely watched event all over the world. The only sporting marvel among all the seven wonders of world
Location:
Olympia the ancient Greek city.
Description:
In ancient times the Greek city states used to play games every 4 years. This is what is now called as Olympic games. During those times truce is declared and wars are stopped. Players and athletes from all over the places traveled to a place in Greece called Peloponnesus. These Olympic games were started during 776 BC. Incidentally this is the period when Green calendar starts. These Olympic games were held in honour of their King of gods, Zeus. He is also known as God of Jupiter.
During the 5th century, they decided to have a temple for their king of gods and Libon was assigned the task of completing the work. Libon designed the temple and Pheidias was asked to build a big statue for Zeus. Pheidias had good techniques with him to build big statues. He used wooden frame to make the outer casings for the statues in gold. His workshop still remains and incidentally its size can accommodate building of such big statues. He built a statue of approximately 40 ft height.
The statue was so high that, even while sitting the head of the god Zeus was near the roof of the temple. This is what amazed the historians and poets of those times. This simply illustrates that the god Zeus is so big that even if he stands, the whole roof would come off its place. Zeus was seated on a throne, draped in gold robe. Zeus had a wreath around his head and held a figure of his messenger in his right hand.
The statue, one among the seven wonders of world was occasionally presented with gifts from rulers. The most notable one was the woolen curtain dedicated by the Syrian king.
In the I century AD, Roman emperor Caligula tried to take the statue to Rome but failed. But before 5th century AD, wealthy Greeks have moved it to Constantinople which saved the statue for some more years. After that a severe fire has destroyed the statue. Even before this the temple site was ravaged by floods, landslides and earthquakes to the extent that the structure was badly damaged. Now the remnants of this statue, one among the seven wonders of world have gone without even a small trace except for the reproduction in some of the medieval coins.
8 ) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
This is such an elegant piece of architectural wonder that, it found a place in the list of ancient wonders among the great seven wonders of the world, like pyramids.
Location:
This Wonder of the World, is located in the city of Bodrum, on the Aegan sea, in south-west Turkey. This is actually closer to the ancient Temple of Artemis.
Description:
This Mausoleum was built in memory and as a burial tomb for the King Mausolus. King Mausolus was married to his sister Artemisia in his family. In those times, Caria rulers had a custom to marry their own sisters. When the king died, Artemisia decided to build this monument in his memory, which later found a place among the seven wonders of the world.
Mausolus was the son of Hecatomnus. Hecatomnus ruled the Mediterranean coast of Asia minor with a small kingdom. He took control of several of his neighboring regions, during his reign. After Hecatomnus' death, Mausolus also extended the kingdom.
Mausolus ruled this kingdom with the capital as Halicarnassus for 24 years. There was nothing worth mentioning as his achievement during his tenure except for this monument with its exceptional beauty later to be called as one of the seven wonders of the world.
This Mausoleum was built around 353 BC. This lasted strong for 16 centuries till an earthquake damaged the roof and the colonnade of this structure. In the early 15th century AD Knights of John of Malta, used the stone blocks in this structure to construct a castle. That was the end to the story of this Mausoleum, one among the seven wonders of the world in ancient times.
This Mausoleum had a lot of beautiful statues sculpted by the best sculptors like Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas, and Timotheus. Some of the artifacts are still kept in London.
Soon after the construction of this wonder of the world, Mausoleum Artemisia found herself in a crisis. Before death, Mausolus used to control the small neighboring regions like Rhodes island and others. When the Rhodes island king came to know that Mausolus has died, he sent a number of ships to capture the city of Halicarnassus. But Artemisia beat them cleverly by hiding her ships and then attacking her enemies.
Then she successfully sent her troops to the Rhodes island on the enemy ships and captured Rhodes Island. The Rhodes Island soldiers thought that it is their people who are coming back with victory. They did not put up any defense. So they were easily conquered.
9 ) Eiffel Tower of Paris
Eiffel Tower, found in Paris was designed and constructed by Alexander-Gustave Eiffel. It is a Parisian landmark and technological masterpiece in building construction history. When the French Government was organizing centennial exposition of 1889 to commemorate the French revolution, a competition was held for designs for a suitable monument. More than hundred designs were submitted and the centennial committee accepted that of the noted bridge engineer Gustave Eiffel. Eiffels conception of a 984 foot (300 Meters) tower of open lattice wrought iron aroused amazement, skeptics and no little opposition on aesthetic Grounds. Nothing remotely it was ever built as it was twice as high as the doom of St.Peters church in Rome or the great pyramid of Giza. In contrast to such older monuments, Eiffel Tower was raised in height in matter of months with a small labor force and a slight cost. Making use of advanced knowledge of behavior of metal arc and metal truss from the under loading, including wind forces and gigantic structure created a revolution in the field of civil engineering and architectural designs of the period and still now. And despite long continuous protest, it ultimately vindicated itself aesthetically. The towers based of four semi-circular arcs, dictated partly by engineering considerations but also partly by Eiffels artistic sense. It required elevators to ascend on a curve, the glass cage machines designed by the Otis-elevator company of the United States of America became the principle feature of building helping it to establish it as the worlds best area of tourist attraction. Eiffel Tower lasted as the largest and tallest building in the world until the completion of Chrysler building in New York City in the year 1930.
Eiffel Tower -Alexander Gustave Eiffel:
The creator of the tall tower Alexander Gustave Eiffel had his birth on 15th December 1832, and died on 28th December 1923 in Paris. He was a French civil engineer renewed the tower and so it bares his name. After his graduation from the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in 1855, Eiffel began to specialize in metal construction, especially bridges. He started the construction of Eiffel tower in 1887, and startled the world with its completion in the year in 1889. This brought him the nick name Magician of Iron. It directed in interest on Aerodynamics and then he used the tower for a number of experiments. In the Paris des machines by Frendinand Dutet and Victor contamin, in a series of three hinged trussed arches sprang from small points across a huge space, 385 feet long and 150 feet high. The building was built for the international exposition of 1889, against the student opposition of the national figures who believed it to be unsafe or ugly or both. When the exposition concession expired in 1909, demolition of the 984 foot tower was averted by the demonstration of its value as an antenna for the newly developed radio. Additions made for television transmission have added 56 feet to the height. From the top most of the three platforms in view extends for about 50 Miles, when air pollution is low and the sun is near the horizon. Yearly there are about 1,27,000 tourist coming to see the Eiffel tower building in Paris. The income of the government has doubled since Eiffel tower has been announced as one of the wonder of the world.
10 ) Statue of Liberty:
The Statue of liberty formally called as Liberty Enlightening the world, colossal statue on liberty Island in the upper bay of New York harbor, United States of America, that commemorates the friendship of the people of the United States and France. Standing 302 feet(92 Meters) high including the pedestal it represents a women holding a torch in her raised right hand and a tablet bearing the date July 4,1976 in her left proclaiming liberty. An elevator raises to the upper level and a spiral staircase leads to an observation platform in her crown. The plaque at the pedestals entrance is inscribed with the sonnet The New Colossus by Emma lazarus. It was written to help raise money for the pedestal. Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land,Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
The American Museum of Immigration is contained at the Statues base. A French historian Edward de laboulaye, made the proposal for the statue after the American Civil War. Funds were contributed by French people and the construction began in 1875 under the sculptor fredic-Auguste Bartholic. The statue was constructed of copper sheets, hammered into shape by hand and assembled over four gigantic steel supports designed by Eugene Emmanuel veillet-Le Duc and Alexandre Gustave Eiffel. In 1985 the completed statue, 151 feet high in and weighing 225 tones was disampled and shipped to New York City.
The Pedestal, designed by American architect, Richard Morrice Hunt and built within the walls of foot wood on Belbones Island, was completed later. President
Cleveland dedicated the Statue mounted on the pedestal on October 28, 1886. In 1980s both American and French workers for a centennial celebration in July 1986 restored the statue. The lighthouse board first administrated the Statue, because the illuminated torch was considered as a navigational aid. Because foot wood was still an operational Army Post, the statue was transferred to war department. It was declared as an national monument in 1924. The foot wood was deactivated in 1937, and the rest of the island was incorporated in to the monument. In 1956, Beldoes Island was renamed to liberty island and in 1956 nearby Ellis island, once the countrys major immigration station, was added bringing the monuments area into 58 acres. The Ellis Island was in 1808 was sold to the federal government by the New York government for $ 10,000 and it was used as fort and power magazine. It became the part of statue of liberty national monument in 1956 and it was reopened for sightseers in 1976. Barthodi, the sculptor of the statue of liberty in the New York City, decided in 1886, the statue of titled in full, Liberty Enlightens the World he was considered as one of the best patriotic sculptors.
11 ) Empire State Building Newyork
The Empire State Building was built during the important development in civil engineering in the first half of the 20th century, though there were only few striking innovations advancing techniques produced large sky scrappers, buildings and dams all over the world especially in the United States. The building was built in New York with exploitation of Steel frames and reinforced concrete.
Empire State building- Facts:
Empire State building is a steel frame 102 Story building completed in New York City in the year 1931. It was built with the height of 1,250 feet (381 Meters) and was the worlds first Sky Scrapper with the greatest vertical dimension. It stood as the largest and highest Structure in the world up to the year 1954.
In 1950, a 222 feet Television Antenna was added to the building on the top, which increased the height of the building from 1,250 feet to 1,472 feet. The building is addressed in a site of 2 Acres, in the heart of Manhattan city on the 5th Avenue at the 34th Street.
The building of Sky Scrapers was only up to the year 1931 and stopped from the year 1932 up to the World War II. The building with a great strength showed its power by sustaining the crash impact of a B-25 Bomber in the year June 1945. The building was not heavily damaged in this attack. There were only minor damages to this building and thus this building came out to be called as Strengthen sky scraper. Shreve, Lamb and Harmon designed the building. The Credit of the building went to them.
As the Sky Scrapers became very popular in the period of the 20th centuries, a law was passed for that sunlight must reach the buildings that are built behind the Sky Scrapers. In New York, buildings were created such that, they were not permitted to attain a height greater than twice the width of the Street Below. But, the major set back of the empire state building in that at the fifth floor, at the plan of the top section, the tower is equal to the area of only one fourth of the plan at the ground level.
The building has an attractive lighting schedule to attract the tourist towards it. The building is decorated with glowing light of different color during the night. As being the independence day of America, the building glows yellow and it glows orange on all Sundays. This colorful appearance gives a good effect.
The total volume of the empire state building is about 37 million cubic feet. This is the only building with the maximum volume. The area of the site in which the building is constructed is about 83,860 square feet. The cost of the land in the present day is about $40,948,900 and the total cost of the building is $24,718,000. The total cost of the building and the land makes it the costliest building in the country in the hands of the private body. The building was opened on may 1,1931,by Herbert Hoover who turned on the lights.
12 ) Great Wall of China
The Great wall of china as called is the largest building construction ever carried out, running to around 6,400 Km east to west from gulf of china to the yellow sea to a point in Central Asia. The construction of this fortification dates from 4th century B.C. shih Huang-ti in 214 B.C.
First Construction of the Great Wall:
The first emperor of United China connected the discontinuous walls with watch towers with was used to guard as the rampart. It was mainly built against Hsiung-nu or called he Huns. The wall was constructed partly of masonry and partly of earth and was faced with brick in the eastern portion. It was again rebuilt in the 15th and 16th century. The basic Wall is 30feet height and the towers are 40m high. The great wall lies from 39.49 degrees North to 98.18 degrees East. The Yen Mountains are the world famous ones and has peak up to 4,900 feet above main sea level. The great wall has it crest over these mountains in a zigzag manner. According to the words of the Astronauts and space researchers, the only clear and visible one from the moon on earth is only The Great Wall. A statement said The Great wall is the only visible thing from Satellite.
Chinese Civilization:
China was the only country with the oldest civilization and it led up to 2000 Years from 221 B.C. to 1911 A.D. and remained as a united one until the series of powerful rules. The great walls construction was carried on only during this period and the main reason why the wall bent at some occasions was this because the capitals were shifted, the borders were changed and mainly the country was captured by fierce tribes of the period including the Mongols and however for the most of the history of china, it was the only developed country of that period in art and technology only because of its construction of the great wall. The inventions of paper, porcelain and gunpowder were the main during the construction of the great wall. The inventions of paper, porcelain and gun power were the main construction items used during the construction of great wall.
After the construction of the great wall the Qin empire was the first empire to be protected by the great wall which is now the northern and eastern china. The wall was built there as a defense against the Hostile tribal attacks from central Asia. The Qin warriors used to walk on the walls as security and the warriors from the great wall attacked the enemies and this was mainly the reason for the expansion of their empire. The great wall is still now the longest man made structure on earth. It was built before 2,200 years with about 3,00,000 slaves. More than 90% of the slaves who built the great wall were brought from Macao a tiny peninsula in the southeast china and was a Portuguese colony at that time. It was returned back to china in 1999. It was a famous tourist center at that time and cheap labor was available there.
13 ) Temple of Artemis
This was supposed to be one of the most beautiful structures on the Earth. No wonder it got recognized as one of the seven wonders of the world.
Location:
This is located on the west coast of modern Turkey, south of Selcuk county about 50 km south of Smyrna. This place was called as Ephesus during ancient times.
Details:
This temple was destroyed and rebuilt over several hundred years. This was first built during 800 BC near the river at Ephesus. The God Artemis in Ephesus is a goddess of fertility. In some instances Artemis is linked closely to the Roman and Italian goddess, Diana. She also is goddess of night, fruitfulness, childbirth, beasts, bull and is an eternal virgin.
This earliest temple supposedly contained a sacred stone, probably fallen from Jupiter. By 600 BC, a Greek architect named Chersiphron (and his son, Metagenes) was engaged and the temple was built. The temple was decorated with beautiful bronze statues sculpted by artists Pheidias, Polycleitus, Kresilas and Phradmon. This was destroyed by the Lydian king Croesus when he conquered Ephesus. He later built a large temple at the same place with the help of Theodorus.
This temple was both a market place and a place of worship. For years this place was visited by lots of merchants, tourists, artisans, kings to pay their homage and share their profits with the Artemis goddess. Lots of scholars venerated to the extent that this came to be recognized as one of the seven wonders of the world.
On July 21, 356 BC, a man named HeroStratus burned the temple. He did this in order to gain a big name in the history. For an inquisitive info, Alexander was also born the same night. The reconstruction was commenced very shortly with an architect called Scopas of Paros. He was the best architect of those times. When Alexander conquered Asia Minor, he offered to rebuild the temple. The reconstruction was in progress when he reached this place. Even then, it was restored only after his death. When he came into this place in 333 BC, the temple was still being rebuilt.
This Temple was the last of the Great Goddess Temples to remain open and was the site of Goddess worship well into the Christian era. When St. Paul visited Ephesus to preach Christianity, he was not at all accepted by the local Artemisians. But after the temple was destroyed by Goths in AD 262, most of the people had got themselves converted to Christianity. In AD 401 St. John Chrysostom torn the whole structure down. That was the end to this wonder of the world. This site got excavated only in 19th century.
This one of the seven wonders of world supposed to have contained 106 columns and each of them believed to be from 40 to 60 ft height. foundation was approximately 200 feet by 400 feet.
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1 ) Taj Mahal India:
Taj Mahal, a mausoleum built on the southern bank of the Yamuna river, outside Agra in India. It was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal whose real name was Arjumand banu beagum. She died in a child birth in Bhuranpur in 1631 A.D. They got married in 1612 A.D the building was planned to be built in 1632 A.D. It was built by a group of men from India, Persia, Central asia,and beyond. About 20,000 workman were employed daily to complete the complex at the expense of 40,000,000 rupees.
The complex consist of a rectangular plot measuring 1,902 feet x 1,002 feet on each side, bounded on north and south by two oblong sections. The southern oblong has a sand stone gateway to the complex while the northern oblong section terminates at the Yamunas edge directly to the mausoleum. The mausoleum is on the west and east by two symmetrically identical buildings, the mosque and the Jawab respectively.
The whole Taj complex was conceived as an entity because Mughal building architecture allowed no amendment in them. The mosque and Jawab of the Red Sikiri sand stone and some pietra duta (hard stone )surface decoration ,contrast in color and texture with the mausoleum of pure white marble. The mausoleum stands on a marble plinth 23 feet high and has four identical faces with a chamfered corner and a massive arch of height 108 feet on each face. Parapets create the skyline rhythm of the mausoleum over each arch and by pinnacle and domed kiosks on each corner.
The Islamic building activity of Shah Jahan period is marked by fresh emergence in India with Persian features that had been seen in the Humayun tomb at Delhi, began in 1564. The Taj Mahal has won a good praise virtually from the time of the erection. The beauty not only lies in its parts but also in the beauty that is seen when viewed from any angle near the complex. The marble surface reflects continuously sunlight during the daytime. All the resources of the emperor was put into the construction of the complex. In addition to the mausoleum the complex includes a wide variety of accessories building parts that gives the building a great appearance. The mausoleum rises on the four sides of the complex and gives it a great appearance.
The mausoleum of the Taj Mahal is a large impressive sceptural monument. The word is derived from the word mausols, which is a word of the ruler of caria, in memory of his dead wife. the most impressive mausoleum present now is the taj complex only .
The emperor wanted to build a black mausoleum opposite to the marble complex but unfortunately before he could finish it. Lord Curzon said the complex as triumphal on his return from India as the viceroy. He took a personal interest in renovation of the Indian art and architectural monuments. Diamonds and precious stones were depicted on the walls and all were lost during the course of time.
2 ) Hanging Gardens of Babylon
This is one of the most venerated marvels among the seven wonders of world.
Location:
This wonder of the world was located in the east bank of Euphrates, South of Baghdad in Iraq.
Description:
The King Hammurabi is the most famous king of the Babylonian kingdom. The whole kingdom flourished under his rule. His son Nebuchadnezzar is the one who built the Hanging gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven wonders of world.
Nebuchadnezzar ruled the country for 43 years from 605 BC. He constructed impressive array of temples, palaces and streets. It is being told that he built this garden to please his wife, Amyitis. Amyitis, daughter of the king Medes seems to have had a passion for mountainous surroundings. There are some other accounts which say that this wonder of the world was actually built by the Assyrian Queen Semiramis.
The ancient accounts of this hanging gardens (one of the seven wonders of the world) describes the structure to be a stairs like one. The Greek geographer Strabo, describes it as , "the garden consists of vaulted terraces raised one above another, and resting upon cube-shaped pillars. These are hollow and filled with earth to allow trees of the largest size to be planted. The pillars, the vaults, and terraces are constructed of baked brick and asphalt."
The irrigation system was supposedly the complex part built on this gardens. This region had very scarce rains. Slaves were used to push the water upwards using some ancient method of irrigation. Of course there must be some exploitation of slave labor to maintain one among the seven wonders of the world. The gardens did not really hang on the roof using cables or ropes. But this name from the sense that it was built on the roof top. Some accounts state that the gardens are 400 by 400 feet and 80 feet high.
3) Colossus of Rhodes
If this wonder were remaining, this would have been one of the tallest artifacts in the world. This wonder of the world was erected to commemorate the victory of Rhodians against the Antagonids.
Location:
This statue was located in the Harbor of the Mediterranean island Rhodes in Greece. The Island of Rhodes is located at the Southwestern tip of the Asia Minor, where the Aegean sea meets the Mediterranean.
Details:
This is a statue of the Sun god, Helios. On the Island of Rhodes 3 cities Ialysos, Kamiros and Lindos formed a unified city with their capital as Rhodes. During the period around 408 BC they had strong economic and commercial alliance with Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt.
In 357 B.C. this island was captured by Mausolus of Halicarnassus. It was then captured by Persians in 340 B.C. Then it fell into the hands of Alexander the Great in 332 B.C. After Alexander's death, 3 of his generals succeeded in dividing the kingdom for themselves. They are Ptolemy, Seleucus and Antigous. After this Rhodians supported Ptolemy which angered Antigous.
Antagonids in 305 BC, wanted to break their alliance and tried invading Rhodes and found this city to be impenetrable. Antagonids were fighting for almost one full year. By this time the support for Rhodes have started coming in from Egypt. So Antagonids started withdrawing their forces and fled, leaving behind lots of their arms and ammunitions, which lead to the construction of one of the seven wonders of world.
Rhodians sold some of those equipments and to celebrate their victory, erected a statue for their Sun God, Helios. Lot of the metals used in this construction came from the left off belongings of Antagonids. This is the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of world.
The construction took 12 years and the stature was erected in 282 BC. During the earthquake at about 226 BC, this Colossus of Rhodes (statue) was damaged and fell down. When they planned to rebuild it, the idea was dropped because some Oracle said the city will face misfortune if this statue is rebuilt. That was the final chapter to the story of this wonder of the world.
4 ) Leaning Tower of Pisa:
Leaning Tower of Pisa italically called as Tonve Pendente Di Pisa is a medieval structure immortalized by the settling of its foundation, causing it to lean 17 feet(5.2 meters) from the perpendicular. The bell tower, began in 1174 as the third and final structure of the cathedral complex, was designated to stand 185 feet high and was constructed of white marbles. Three of its eight stories were completed when the uneven Settling of the foundation in the soft ground became noticeable. Bonnano Pisano, the engineer in charge of construction of the present tower that leans in Pisa, sought to compensate for the lean by making the new stories slightly taller on the short side, but the extra masonry caused the structure to sink aside still further. Work was suspended several times as engineers sought solutions, but the tower was ultimately topped out in the 14th century and thus it stills leans. In modern times the foundation have been strengthened by injection of cement grounding, but is the late 20th century, the structure was still in danger of collapse, and various schemes were under considerations of saving it.
Galileo, the man who found out that the world is a big ball, round in shape was born in Pisa and the cathedral where the tower is present helped him. Galileo during his study in the college saw the swinging lamp in the bell tower in the leaning tower got the idea of a pendulum that helps in running a clock. The work of Bonnano Pisano was prefixed by Guglino pisano in 1162 and he made the first Pulpit. Bonnano pisano made the bronze doors in 1180, Nicola pisanoi, covered the baptisary pulpit in 1260 and Nicolas son Gicovanni pisano was the sculptor of the present cathedral pulpit in 1310.
Internal struggles help to bring about the occupation of Pisa by the frontiers in 1406. When the French army attacked Italy in 1404, Pisa temporarily, reasserted its independence. It had a lot of war until it was conquered by Florence in 1509. Thereafter, it declined as a provincial Tuscan town. It also has an important railway junction and famous light industries have brought the prosperity to them. Wind spread destruction took away the charm of the leaning tower during the World War II. But, the tourist continued to flock there to see the leaning tower, which is in the danger of collapse now. The Pisa tower marks one of the extra ordinary monuments in the history of western art. There is an uneasy relationship between the carvings on the Gothics, the cathedral and the tower. Historians try to make out the uneasy relationship but still now, they remain in a mess. The look of the 25-sided fountain mixes tale, the old Testaments characters and heraldic characters animals is a beautiful thing to look at. Probably, the relationship between the sculptors and the characters and the carvings may be derived by more detailed study about that Italian history and may we get an answer.
5 ) Light House of Alexandria
This light house of Alexandria was one of the useful wonders among all the seven wonders of the world (for the sailors to return to the Great Harbor). This is a small point that differentiates it from the rest of the wonders of the world. The mirror which was mounted on this lighthouse could reflect the light more than 35 miles off-shore. Of the 6 ancient destroyed wonders, this was the last to be destroyed around 1480 AD.
Location:
On the ancient island of Pharos, now a promontory on the harbor of the city of Alexandria in Egypt.
Description:
This lighthouse was built around 280 BC and was around 134 m in height. This was built in the city of Alexandria.
The light house had a good mirror which can reflect the sun light to a very long distance. Mythical stories used to say that this mirror was used to burn the enemy ships.
The Macedonian conqueror, Alexander during his successful reign, had tried establishing approximately 17 cities in the name of Alexandria. The only one survived long was the one in Egypt. That too even this city was not completely built by Alexander. The completion of the construction of this city was achieved by his commander Ptolemy I Soter.
Ptolemy connected Alexandria to the Pharos island by a bridge. It was realized that the sailing in this coastal region is very dangerous. That is why he decided to build a light house. This project was initiated during Ptolemy's reign in 290 BC and completed after his death by his son Ptolemy Philadelphus. Sostratus who lived in the same time as Euclid, was the architect. This used to remain in the harbor for centuries. This wonder of the world also depicted in the Roman coins that time.
The writings of the Arab conquerors are very good source of information about this lighthouse. The new rulers moved the capital to the Cairo. So this place had lost its importance. Three earthquakes stuck in various periods (around AD 956, AD 1303 and AD 1323 ) have damaged the lighthouse significantly. The during AD 1480 the Egyptian Mamelouk Sultan, has built a medieval fort at the same place. That was the end to the story of the light house.
There are some more tales to the light house. Sostratus after he completed the lighthouse wanted his name to be carved on the light house. This was not allowed by Ptolemy II Philadelphus. Ptolemy II wanted his name to be carved on the structure. But what Sostratus did is he first carved his name underneath, put plasters on it and then carved Ptolemy II's name. After some years, the plasters worn out and his name has come out to be known to all.
The design of the lighthouse was unlike the modern slim lighthouse towers. This was built in 3 stages, each built on top of the lower.
This lighthouse was so popular that the word Pharos came into French, Spanish and Italian to mean lighthouse.
6 ) Pyramid of Giza
Egypt is a place any one would like to go for a vacation. Tourism is such a great money earner for Egypt. And when somebody travels, one of the most preferred place to visit would be the Cairo and the Giza city.
This is one of the largest pyramids in the world and considered to be one of the great among the seven wonders of the world. There are actually 3 Pyramids located in this place along with a Sphinx. The biggest of all is The Great Pyramid of Khufu and this is the only one among the seven wonders of world.
Location:
These architectural marvels are found in Giza City which is located at the northern edge of the Giza Plateau, about 10 miles west of present day Cairo. Cairo is the largest city in Africa and the 5th largest in the world. Giza city was the necropolis of Memphis (of old Egypt). This whole Giza Plateau is situated west of the Nile, bordering Sahara Desert.
Hotels and accommodations can be found very easily in side the city of Cairo very easily.
Details:
This place is a haven for 3 pyramids and a sphinx. The pyramids are
1. Great Pyramid of Khufu - One of the seven wonders of world
2. Great pyramid of Khafre
3. Great Pyramid of Menkaure
If any body plans a vacation travel to Egypt, they must make sure to visit all the 3 Pyramids. A journey to Egypt would be incomplete without visiting them.
Great Pyramid of Khufu:
This pyramid was built by King Khufu around 2560 BC. Khufu is the second Pharaoh of the fourth dynasty of rulers in Egypt. He was also known as "Cheops". Among all the 3 pyramids listed above, the Great Pyramid of Khufu is the only one pyramid in the list of seven wonders of the world.
This pyramid is believed to have been built over 20 years. When it was built its height was around 146 m. But now it is only 137 m. This was one of the tallest structures in the world till 19th century. It was covered with casings of stones to smoothen its surface. It probably is considered to be one among the seven wonders of world because of its sheer size.
The apex of the pyramid is missing and looks like it was never installed. The casings of the pyramids were removed by the Arabs during 14th century. The sloping angle of the sides is 51 degrees and 51 minutes. Each side is oriented towards one of the cardinal points of the compass that is north, south, east and west. This deserves a place among one of the seven wonders of world for its precision.
On the north face, is the pyramid's entrance. The King Khufu's chamber is located at the heart of the pyramid. The king's coffin is made of red granite, as like the interior walls of his chamber. 5 boat pits surround Khufu's Pyramid on the south and the east. Two of these are believed to be used by the Pharaoh during his life time. One boat is made into a Boat Museum.
This is the only one existing wonder, among all the seven wonders of world.
Great pyramid of Khafre:
Khafre is the son of Khufu and is also known as Rakhaef or chefren and is the second largest Pyramid on the Giza site. He ruled from 2520 - 2494 BC. He built the Khafre pyramid, the sphinx, the mortuary temple and the valley temple. This pyramid is the only one on the top of which the casing still remains.
The burial chamber underground contains a red granite sarcophagus with its lid. Next to this, a square cavity which is believed to have held the canopy chest containing the Pharaoh's viscera.
This pyramid was built approximately during the period 2558 - 2532 BC. Its base is 702 ft square and the height originally was around 143.4 m and now is 136.1 m. This is not one among the seven wonders of world.
Great Pyramid of Menkaure:
Menkaure, also known as Mycerinus, ruled from 2490 - 2472 B.C. He built the smallest of the three pyramids at Giza, and is believed to be Khufu's grandson.
The height of this pyramid now is 62 m. To the south of this Menkaure pyramid, there are 3 small, minor and incomplete pyramids/tombs. One of them (the largest among the three), is supposedly built by Menkaure's principal wife. A coffin with bones of a young woman was found in the central tomb. This also is not part of the seven wonders of world.
Great Sphinx:
This Sphinx is attached to Khafre's complex, north of Khafre's valley temple and with a separate temple of its own. This is a figure with a lion's body and a man's face, which is supposed to be the guardian of the necropolis. This is believed to be a manifestation of sun god.
How to reach there:
The best way is to get to Cairo first. This could be through air or sea depending on the visitor's convenience. After that take a cab to Giza. In about 6-7 miles the Sphinx and Great Giza Pyramids should become visible.
7 ) Statue of Zeus
This is one of the interesting stories to know about. This statue is associated with our favorite Olympic games which is being a widely watched event all over the world. The only sporting marvel among all the seven wonders of world
Location:
Olympia the ancient Greek city.
Description:
In ancient times the Greek city states used to play games every 4 years. This is what is now called as Olympic games. During those times truce is declared and wars are stopped. Players and athletes from all over the places traveled to a place in Greece called Peloponnesus. These Olympic games were started during 776 BC. Incidentally this is the period when Green calendar starts. These Olympic games were held in honour of their King of gods, Zeus. He is also known as God of Jupiter.
During the 5th century, they decided to have a temple for their king of gods and Libon was assigned the task of completing the work. Libon designed the temple and Pheidias was asked to build a big statue for Zeus. Pheidias had good techniques with him to build big statues. He used wooden frame to make the outer casings for the statues in gold. His workshop still remains and incidentally its size can accommodate building of such big statues. He built a statue of approximately 40 ft height.
The statue was so high that, even while sitting the head of the god Zeus was near the roof of the temple. This is what amazed the historians and poets of those times. This simply illustrates that the god Zeus is so big that even if he stands, the whole roof would come off its place. Zeus was seated on a throne, draped in gold robe. Zeus had a wreath around his head and held a figure of his messenger in his right hand.
The statue, one among the seven wonders of world was occasionally presented with gifts from rulers. The most notable one was the woolen curtain dedicated by the Syrian king.
In the I century AD, Roman emperor Caligula tried to take the statue to Rome but failed. But before 5th century AD, wealthy Greeks have moved it to Constantinople which saved the statue for some more years. After that a severe fire has destroyed the statue. Even before this the temple site was ravaged by floods, landslides and earthquakes to the extent that the structure was badly damaged. Now the remnants of this statue, one among the seven wonders of world have gone without even a small trace except for the reproduction in some of the medieval coins.
8 ) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
This is such an elegant piece of architectural wonder that, it found a place in the list of ancient wonders among the great seven wonders of the world, like pyramids.
Location:
This Wonder of the World, is located in the city of Bodrum, on the Aegan sea, in south-west Turkey. This is actually closer to the ancient Temple of Artemis.
Description:
This Mausoleum was built in memory and as a burial tomb for the King Mausolus. King Mausolus was married to his sister Artemisia in his family. In those times, Caria rulers had a custom to marry their own sisters. When the king died, Artemisia decided to build this monument in his memory, which later found a place among the seven wonders of the world.
Mausolus was the son of Hecatomnus. Hecatomnus ruled the Mediterranean coast of Asia minor with a small kingdom. He took control of several of his neighboring regions, during his reign. After Hecatomnus' death, Mausolus also extended the kingdom.
Mausolus ruled this kingdom with the capital as Halicarnassus for 24 years. There was nothing worth mentioning as his achievement during his tenure except for this monument with its exceptional beauty later to be called as one of the seven wonders of the world.
This Mausoleum was built around 353 BC. This lasted strong for 16 centuries till an earthquake damaged the roof and the colonnade of this structure. In the early 15th century AD Knights of John of Malta, used the stone blocks in this structure to construct a castle. That was the end to the story of this Mausoleum, one among the seven wonders of the world in ancient times.
This Mausoleum had a lot of beautiful statues sculpted by the best sculptors like Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas, and Timotheus. Some of the artifacts are still kept in London.
Soon after the construction of this wonder of the world, Mausoleum Artemisia found herself in a crisis. Before death, Mausolus used to control the small neighboring regions like Rhodes island and others. When the Rhodes island king came to know that Mausolus has died, he sent a number of ships to capture the city of Halicarnassus. But Artemisia beat them cleverly by hiding her ships and then attacking her enemies.
Then she successfully sent her troops to the Rhodes island on the enemy ships and captured Rhodes Island. The Rhodes Island soldiers thought that it is their people who are coming back with victory. They did not put up any defense. So they were easily conquered.
9 ) Eiffel Tower of Paris
Eiffel Tower, found in Paris was designed and constructed by Alexander-Gustave Eiffel. It is a Parisian landmark and technological masterpiece in building construction history. When the French Government was organizing centennial exposition of 1889 to commemorate the French revolution, a competition was held for designs for a suitable monument. More than hundred designs were submitted and the centennial committee accepted that of the noted bridge engineer Gustave Eiffel. Eiffels conception of a 984 foot (300 Meters) tower of open lattice wrought iron aroused amazement, skeptics and no little opposition on aesthetic Grounds. Nothing remotely it was ever built as it was twice as high as the doom of St.Peters church in Rome or the great pyramid of Giza. In contrast to such older monuments, Eiffel Tower was raised in height in matter of months with a small labor force and a slight cost. Making use of advanced knowledge of behavior of metal arc and metal truss from the under loading, including wind forces and gigantic structure created a revolution in the field of civil engineering and architectural designs of the period and still now. And despite long continuous protest, it ultimately vindicated itself aesthetically. The towers based of four semi-circular arcs, dictated partly by engineering considerations but also partly by Eiffels artistic sense. It required elevators to ascend on a curve, the glass cage machines designed by the Otis-elevator company of the United States of America became the principle feature of building helping it to establish it as the worlds best area of tourist attraction. Eiffel Tower lasted as the largest and tallest building in the world until the completion of Chrysler building in New York City in the year 1930.
Eiffel Tower -Alexander Gustave Eiffel:
The creator of the tall tower Alexander Gustave Eiffel had his birth on 15th December 1832, and died on 28th December 1923 in Paris. He was a French civil engineer renewed the tower and so it bares his name. After his graduation from the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in 1855, Eiffel began to specialize in metal construction, especially bridges. He started the construction of Eiffel tower in 1887, and startled the world with its completion in the year in 1889. This brought him the nick name Magician of Iron. It directed in interest on Aerodynamics and then he used the tower for a number of experiments. In the Paris des machines by Frendinand Dutet and Victor contamin, in a series of three hinged trussed arches sprang from small points across a huge space, 385 feet long and 150 feet high. The building was built for the international exposition of 1889, against the student opposition of the national figures who believed it to be unsafe or ugly or both. When the exposition concession expired in 1909, demolition of the 984 foot tower was averted by the demonstration of its value as an antenna for the newly developed radio. Additions made for television transmission have added 56 feet to the height. From the top most of the three platforms in view extends for about 50 Miles, when air pollution is low and the sun is near the horizon. Yearly there are about 1,27,000 tourist coming to see the Eiffel tower building in Paris. The income of the government has doubled since Eiffel tower has been announced as one of the wonder of the world.
10 ) Statue of Liberty:
The Statue of liberty formally called as Liberty Enlightening the world, colossal statue on liberty Island in the upper bay of New York harbor, United States of America, that commemorates the friendship of the people of the United States and France. Standing 302 feet(92 Meters) high including the pedestal it represents a women holding a torch in her raised right hand and a tablet bearing the date July 4,1976 in her left proclaiming liberty. An elevator raises to the upper level and a spiral staircase leads to an observation platform in her crown. The plaque at the pedestals entrance is inscribed with the sonnet The New Colossus by Emma lazarus. It was written to help raise money for the pedestal. Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land,Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
The American Museum of Immigration is contained at the Statues base. A French historian Edward de laboulaye, made the proposal for the statue after the American Civil War. Funds were contributed by French people and the construction began in 1875 under the sculptor fredic-Auguste Bartholic. The statue was constructed of copper sheets, hammered into shape by hand and assembled over four gigantic steel supports designed by Eugene Emmanuel veillet-Le Duc and Alexandre Gustave Eiffel. In 1985 the completed statue, 151 feet high in and weighing 225 tones was disampled and shipped to New York City.
The Pedestal, designed by American architect, Richard Morrice Hunt and built within the walls of foot wood on Belbones Island, was completed later. President
Cleveland dedicated the Statue mounted on the pedestal on October 28, 1886. In 1980s both American and French workers for a centennial celebration in July 1986 restored the statue. The lighthouse board first administrated the Statue, because the illuminated torch was considered as a navigational aid. Because foot wood was still an operational Army Post, the statue was transferred to war department. It was declared as an national monument in 1924. The foot wood was deactivated in 1937, and the rest of the island was incorporated in to the monument. In 1956, Beldoes Island was renamed to liberty island and in 1956 nearby Ellis island, once the countrys major immigration station, was added bringing the monuments area into 58 acres. The Ellis Island was in 1808 was sold to the federal government by the New York government for $ 10,000 and it was used as fort and power magazine. It became the part of statue of liberty national monument in 1956 and it was reopened for sightseers in 1976. Barthodi, the sculptor of the statue of liberty in the New York City, decided in 1886, the statue of titled in full, Liberty Enlightens the World he was considered as one of the best patriotic sculptors.
11 ) Empire State Building Newyork
The Empire State Building was built during the important development in civil engineering in the first half of the 20th century, though there were only few striking innovations advancing techniques produced large sky scrappers, buildings and dams all over the world especially in the United States. The building was built in New York with exploitation of Steel frames and reinforced concrete.
Empire State building- Facts:
Empire State building is a steel frame 102 Story building completed in New York City in the year 1931. It was built with the height of 1,250 feet (381 Meters) and was the worlds first Sky Scrapper with the greatest vertical dimension. It stood as the largest and highest Structure in the world up to the year 1954.
In 1950, a 222 feet Television Antenna was added to the building on the top, which increased the height of the building from 1,250 feet to 1,472 feet. The building is addressed in a site of 2 Acres, in the heart of Manhattan city on the 5th Avenue at the 34th Street.
The building of Sky Scrapers was only up to the year 1931 and stopped from the year 1932 up to the World War II. The building with a great strength showed its power by sustaining the crash impact of a B-25 Bomber in the year June 1945. The building was not heavily damaged in this attack. There were only minor damages to this building and thus this building came out to be called as Strengthen sky scraper. Shreve, Lamb and Harmon designed the building. The Credit of the building went to them.
As the Sky Scrapers became very popular in the period of the 20th centuries, a law was passed for that sunlight must reach the buildings that are built behind the Sky Scrapers. In New York, buildings were created such that, they were not permitted to attain a height greater than twice the width of the Street Below. But, the major set back of the empire state building in that at the fifth floor, at the plan of the top section, the tower is equal to the area of only one fourth of the plan at the ground level.
The building has an attractive lighting schedule to attract the tourist towards it. The building is decorated with glowing light of different color during the night. As being the independence day of America, the building glows yellow and it glows orange on all Sundays. This colorful appearance gives a good effect.
The total volume of the empire state building is about 37 million cubic feet. This is the only building with the maximum volume. The area of the site in which the building is constructed is about 83,860 square feet. The cost of the land in the present day is about $40,948,900 and the total cost of the building is $24,718,000. The total cost of the building and the land makes it the costliest building in the country in the hands of the private body. The building was opened on may 1,1931,by Herbert Hoover who turned on the lights.
12 ) Great Wall of China
The Great wall of china as called is the largest building construction ever carried out, running to around 6,400 Km east to west from gulf of china to the yellow sea to a point in Central Asia. The construction of this fortification dates from 4th century B.C. shih Huang-ti in 214 B.C.
First Construction of the Great Wall:
The first emperor of United China connected the discontinuous walls with watch towers with was used to guard as the rampart. It was mainly built against Hsiung-nu or called he Huns. The wall was constructed partly of masonry and partly of earth and was faced with brick in the eastern portion. It was again rebuilt in the 15th and 16th century. The basic Wall is 30feet height and the towers are 40m high. The great wall lies from 39.49 degrees North to 98.18 degrees East. The Yen Mountains are the world famous ones and has peak up to 4,900 feet above main sea level. The great wall has it crest over these mountains in a zigzag manner. According to the words of the Astronauts and space researchers, the only clear and visible one from the moon on earth is only The Great Wall. A statement said The Great wall is the only visible thing from Satellite.
Chinese Civilization:
China was the only country with the oldest civilization and it led up to 2000 Years from 221 B.C. to 1911 A.D. and remained as a united one until the series of powerful rules. The great walls construction was carried on only during this period and the main reason why the wall bent at some occasions was this because the capitals were shifted, the borders were changed and mainly the country was captured by fierce tribes of the period including the Mongols and however for the most of the history of china, it was the only developed country of that period in art and technology only because of its construction of the great wall. The inventions of paper, porcelain and gunpowder were the main during the construction of the great wall. The inventions of paper, porcelain and gun power were the main construction items used during the construction of great wall.
After the construction of the great wall the Qin empire was the first empire to be protected by the great wall which is now the northern and eastern china. The wall was built there as a defense against the Hostile tribal attacks from central Asia. The Qin warriors used to walk on the walls as security and the warriors from the great wall attacked the enemies and this was mainly the reason for the expansion of their empire. The great wall is still now the longest man made structure on earth. It was built before 2,200 years with about 3,00,000 slaves. More than 90% of the slaves who built the great wall were brought from Macao a tiny peninsula in the southeast china and was a Portuguese colony at that time. It was returned back to china in 1999. It was a famous tourist center at that time and cheap labor was available there.
13 ) Temple of Artemis
This was supposed to be one of the most beautiful structures on the Earth. No wonder it got recognized as one of the seven wonders of the world.
Location:
This is located on the west coast of modern Turkey, south of Selcuk county about 50 km south of Smyrna. This place was called as Ephesus during ancient times.
Details:
This temple was destroyed and rebuilt over several hundred years. This was first built during 800 BC near the river at Ephesus. The God Artemis in Ephesus is a goddess of fertility. In some instances Artemis is linked closely to the Roman and Italian goddess, Diana. She also is goddess of night, fruitfulness, childbirth, beasts, bull and is an eternal virgin.
This earliest temple supposedly contained a sacred stone, probably fallen from Jupiter. By 600 BC, a Greek architect named Chersiphron (and his son, Metagenes) was engaged and the temple was built. The temple was decorated with beautiful bronze statues sculpted by artists Pheidias, Polycleitus, Kresilas and Phradmon. This was destroyed by the Lydian king Croesus when he conquered Ephesus. He later built a large temple at the same place with the help of Theodorus.
This temple was both a market place and a place of worship. For years this place was visited by lots of merchants, tourists, artisans, kings to pay their homage and share their profits with the Artemis goddess. Lots of scholars venerated to the extent that this came to be recognized as one of the seven wonders of the world.
On July 21, 356 BC, a man named HeroStratus burned the temple. He did this in order to gain a big name in the history. For an inquisitive info, Alexander was also born the same night. The reconstruction was commenced very shortly with an architect called Scopas of Paros. He was the best architect of those times. When Alexander conquered Asia Minor, he offered to rebuild the temple. The reconstruction was in progress when he reached this place. Even then, it was restored only after his death. When he came into this place in 333 BC, the temple was still being rebuilt.
This Temple was the last of the Great Goddess Temples to remain open and was the site of Goddess worship well into the Christian era. When St. Paul visited Ephesus to preach Christianity, he was not at all accepted by the local Artemisians. But after the temple was destroyed by Goths in AD 262, most of the people had got themselves converted to Christianity. In AD 401 St. John Chrysostom torn the whole structure down. That was the end to this wonder of the world. This site got excavated only in 19th century.
This one of the seven wonders of world supposed to have contained 106 columns and each of them believed to be from 40 to 60 ft height. foundation was approximately 200 feet by 400 feet.
Wednesday, March 4, 2009
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD
LATEST SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD
Let us refresh our knowledge about the latest declared Seven Wonders of the World which were nominated among others but declared winners after heavy voting.
They have been listed below in ascending order of the years of their constructions.
1 ) The Great Wall of China (220 B.C and 1368 - 1644 A.D.) China
CHINA
The Great Wall of China was built to link existing fortifications into a united defense system and better keep invading Mongol tribes out of China. It is the largest man-made monument ever to have been built and it is disputed that it is the only one visible from space. Many thousands of people must have given their lives to build this colossal construction.
2 ) Petra (9 B.C. - 40 A.D.), Jordan
JORDAN
On the edge of the Arabian Desert, Petra was the glittering capital of the Nabataean empire of King Aretas IV (9 B.C. to 40 A.D.). Masters of water technology, the Nabataeans provided their city with great tunnel constructions and water chambers. A theater, modelled on Greek-Roman prototypes, had space for an audience of 4,000. Today, the Palace Tombs of Petra, with the 42-meter-high Hellenistic temple facade on the El-Deir Monastery, are impressive examples of Middle Eastern culture.
3 ) The Roman Colosseum (70 - 82 A.D.) Rome, Italy
ITALY
This great amphitheater in the centre of Rome was built to give favors to successful legionnaires and to celebrate the glory of the Roman Empire. Its design concept still stands to this very day, and virtually every modern sports stadium some 2,000 years later still bears the irresistible imprint of the Colosseum's original design. Today, through films and history books, we are even more aware of the cruel fights and games that took place in this arena, all for the joy of the spectators.
4 ) The Pyramid at Chichén Itzá (before 800 A.D.) Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
MEXICO
Chichén Itzá, the most famous Mayan temple city, served as the political and economic center of the Mayan civilization. Its various structures - the pyramid of Kukulkan, the Temple of Chac Mool, the Hall of the Thousand Pillars, and the Playing Field of the Prisoners – can still be seen today and are demonstrative of an extraordinary commitment to architectural space and composition. The pyramid itself was the last, and arguably the greatest, of all Mayan temples.
5 ) Machu Picchu (1460-1470), Peru
PERU
In the 15th century, the Incan Emperor Pachacútec built a city in the clouds on the mountain known as Machu Picchu ("old mountain"). This extraordinary settlement lies halfway up the Andes Plateau, deep in the Amazon jungle and above the Urubamba River. It was probably abandoned by the Incas because of a smallpox outbreak and, after the Spanish defeated the Incan Empire, the city remained 'lost' for over three centuries. It was rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911.
6 ) The Taj Mahal (1630 A.D.) Agra, India
INDIA
This immense mausoleum was built on the orders of Shah Jahan, the fifth Muslim Mogul emperor, to honor the memory of his beloved late wife. Built out of white marble and standing in formally laid-out walled gardens, the Taj Mahal is regarded as the most perfect jewel of Muslim art in India. The emperor was consequently jailed and, it is said, could then only see the Taj Mahal out of his small cell window.
7 ) Christ Redeemer (1931) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BRAZIL
This statue of Jesus stands some 38 meters tall, atop the Corcovado mountain overlooking Rio de Janeiro. Designed by Brazilian Heitor da Silva Costa and created by French sculptor Paul Landowski, it is one of the world’s best-known monuments. The statue took five years to construct and was inaugurated on October 12, 1931. It has become a symbol of the city and of the warmth of the Brazilian people, who receive visitors with open arms.
Let us refresh our knowledge about the latest declared Seven Wonders of the World which were nominated among others but declared winners after heavy voting.
They have been listed below in ascending order of the years of their constructions.
1 ) The Great Wall of China (220 B.C and 1368 - 1644 A.D.) China
CHINA
The Great Wall of China was built to link existing fortifications into a united defense system and better keep invading Mongol tribes out of China. It is the largest man-made monument ever to have been built and it is disputed that it is the only one visible from space. Many thousands of people must have given their lives to build this colossal construction.
2 ) Petra (9 B.C. - 40 A.D.), Jordan
JORDAN
On the edge of the Arabian Desert, Petra was the glittering capital of the Nabataean empire of King Aretas IV (9 B.C. to 40 A.D.). Masters of water technology, the Nabataeans provided their city with great tunnel constructions and water chambers. A theater, modelled on Greek-Roman prototypes, had space for an audience of 4,000. Today, the Palace Tombs of Petra, with the 42-meter-high Hellenistic temple facade on the El-Deir Monastery, are impressive examples of Middle Eastern culture.
3 ) The Roman Colosseum (70 - 82 A.D.) Rome, Italy
ITALY
This great amphitheater in the centre of Rome was built to give favors to successful legionnaires and to celebrate the glory of the Roman Empire. Its design concept still stands to this very day, and virtually every modern sports stadium some 2,000 years later still bears the irresistible imprint of the Colosseum's original design. Today, through films and history books, we are even more aware of the cruel fights and games that took place in this arena, all for the joy of the spectators.
4 ) The Pyramid at Chichén Itzá (before 800 A.D.) Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
MEXICO
Chichén Itzá, the most famous Mayan temple city, served as the political and economic center of the Mayan civilization. Its various structures - the pyramid of Kukulkan, the Temple of Chac Mool, the Hall of the Thousand Pillars, and the Playing Field of the Prisoners – can still be seen today and are demonstrative of an extraordinary commitment to architectural space and composition. The pyramid itself was the last, and arguably the greatest, of all Mayan temples.
5 ) Machu Picchu (1460-1470), Peru
PERU
In the 15th century, the Incan Emperor Pachacútec built a city in the clouds on the mountain known as Machu Picchu ("old mountain"). This extraordinary settlement lies halfway up the Andes Plateau, deep in the Amazon jungle and above the Urubamba River. It was probably abandoned by the Incas because of a smallpox outbreak and, after the Spanish defeated the Incan Empire, the city remained 'lost' for over three centuries. It was rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911.
6 ) The Taj Mahal (1630 A.D.) Agra, India
INDIA
This immense mausoleum was built on the orders of Shah Jahan, the fifth Muslim Mogul emperor, to honor the memory of his beloved late wife. Built out of white marble and standing in formally laid-out walled gardens, the Taj Mahal is regarded as the most perfect jewel of Muslim art in India. The emperor was consequently jailed and, it is said, could then only see the Taj Mahal out of his small cell window.
7 ) Christ Redeemer (1931) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BRAZIL
This statue of Jesus stands some 38 meters tall, atop the Corcovado mountain overlooking Rio de Janeiro. Designed by Brazilian Heitor da Silva Costa and created by French sculptor Paul Landowski, it is one of the world’s best-known monuments. The statue took five years to construct and was inaugurated on October 12, 1931. It has become a symbol of the city and of the warmth of the Brazilian people, who receive visitors with open arms.
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
A SLICE OF INDIAN MYTHOLOGY - ABOUT GANESHA
In Hindu Religion, Lord Ganesha, the worthy son of Goddess Parvati and God Shiva, is worshiped at the first place followed by other Gods and Goddesses. He was given a boon by Goddesses Luxmi, the giver of wealth, to be worshiped ahead of others. The story of creation of Ganesha is very interesting and fascinating one.
As per Indian Mythology and Hindu faith, the stress has been given to the recitation of the name of Lord Ganesha before starting any good work or before any good occasion. Hindus even prefer to write the name of Ganesha at the very top of Wedding cards, some even put some picture of HIM on that. Before starting the distribution of these cards, the first one is offered at the feet of Lord Ganesha.
We are telling here in short the three stories of Ganesha.
The Story of Ganesha (1)
We start here with the story related to the creation of Ganesha.
A long time ago when Lord Shiva, was away fighting for the gods, the lady of the house, goddess Parvati was alone at home. On one occasion, she needed someone to guard the house when she was going for a bath. Unable to think of an alternative, she used her powers to create a figure. She named that figure Ganesha and treated HIM like her son. She instructed Ganesha to keep strict vigil on the entrance to the house and not to allow anyone into the house. Ganesha agreed and stayed on the vigil with this idea in mind that he will strictly not allow anybody in.
In the meantime Lord Shiva returned happy after a glorious victory for the gods, only to be stopped at the entrance by Ganesha. Ganesha, acting on Parvati's orders and instructions, did not allow Shiva to enter the house. Lord Shiva told him that HE is Parvati’s husband and Ganesha’s father, but Ganesha could not allow anybody in without the instructions of mother Parvati. Lord Shiva was enraged beyond control and in a fit of rage slashed the head of Ganesh. In the meantime mother Parvati came out from her bath and was aghast at the scene. She was very angry at her lordship for what had happened and explained him the situation. But mother Parvati was inconsolable.
Lord Shiva wanted to make it up to Parvati very badly and agreed to put life back into Ganesha by putting the head of the first sleeping living creature that came in sight which was sleeping with its head to the north and must be sleeping with his mother, but both of them their heads in the opposite directions. He sent his soldiers to go in search of the creature. The first creature which came in sight was an elephant. So Lord Shiva re-created his son with the head of the elephant. This is the reason we see Lord Ganesha in an elephant like trunk.
Story of Ganesha (2)
It was Ganesha's birthday and he had been invited for dinner at a devotee's house. Ganesha had a very heavy meal and was returning home on his mouse, when a snake crossed their path. Seeing this, the mouse got very frightened and ran away, in the process felling Ganesha. Ganesha fell and his stomach, which was very full, burst open. Seeing this, the moon burst out laughing. Ganesha felt very humiliated, so he killed the snake and tied it around his stomach. He then gave chase to the moon that ran for his life. The moon managed to evade Ganesha and hid in his palace. Ganesha soon came there and stood guard outside, telling the moon, "Where will you go now? You have to come out sooner or later and then I'll take my revenge".
Now as the Sun had set, it was the turn of Moon to take over the charge of the sky and spread the light for the humanity. It became very dark, as the moon refused to come out. This resulted in chaos on earth. The gods went and pled with Ganesha to free the moon. Ganesha finally relented and let the moon come out, but cursed him saying, " You hid in your house like a thief. Therefore, anybody who sees you on my birthday, will be implicated as a thief". This is the reason why we are not supposed to look at the moon on the auspices of Ganesh Chaturthi.
Story of Ganesha (3)
On an occasion, Shiva and Parvati had been given a fruit by the gods and both the sons Ganesha and Kartikeya wanted it. Some legends claim the dispute was about who was elder of the two. Anyway the parents then suggested that the one who circled the world three times and came back first would get it as a prize. Kartikeya got on the peacock, his vahana (vehicle), and flew around the world stopping at all sacred spots on the way and offering his prayers. But at every major stop, he would find Ganesha ahead of him and was perplexed.
Ganesha understood that his vehicle, the mouse, would not be able to compete with Kartikeya's peacock and he could never beat Kartikeya.
But he thought for a while and came up with a solution. He walked around his parents, Shiva and Parvati, three times, with great devotion. When his parents asked him why he was not circling the globe, he answered that his parents are the whole world for him. HE told them that he need go no further to travel the whole world.
Kartikeya on returning back learned of this, and accepted the superiority of Ganesha, and bowed to him.
As per Indian Mythology and Hindu faith, the stress has been given to the recitation of the name of Lord Ganesha before starting any good work or before any good occasion. Hindus even prefer to write the name of Ganesha at the very top of Wedding cards, some even put some picture of HIM on that. Before starting the distribution of these cards, the first one is offered at the feet of Lord Ganesha.
We are telling here in short the three stories of Ganesha.
The Story of Ganesha (1)
We start here with the story related to the creation of Ganesha.
A long time ago when Lord Shiva, was away fighting for the gods, the lady of the house, goddess Parvati was alone at home. On one occasion, she needed someone to guard the house when she was going for a bath. Unable to think of an alternative, she used her powers to create a figure. She named that figure Ganesha and treated HIM like her son. She instructed Ganesha to keep strict vigil on the entrance to the house and not to allow anyone into the house. Ganesha agreed and stayed on the vigil with this idea in mind that he will strictly not allow anybody in.
In the meantime Lord Shiva returned happy after a glorious victory for the gods, only to be stopped at the entrance by Ganesha. Ganesha, acting on Parvati's orders and instructions, did not allow Shiva to enter the house. Lord Shiva told him that HE is Parvati’s husband and Ganesha’s father, but Ganesha could not allow anybody in without the instructions of mother Parvati. Lord Shiva was enraged beyond control and in a fit of rage slashed the head of Ganesh. In the meantime mother Parvati came out from her bath and was aghast at the scene. She was very angry at her lordship for what had happened and explained him the situation. But mother Parvati was inconsolable.
Lord Shiva wanted to make it up to Parvati very badly and agreed to put life back into Ganesha by putting the head of the first sleeping living creature that came in sight which was sleeping with its head to the north and must be sleeping with his mother, but both of them their heads in the opposite directions. He sent his soldiers to go in search of the creature. The first creature which came in sight was an elephant. So Lord Shiva re-created his son with the head of the elephant. This is the reason we see Lord Ganesha in an elephant like trunk.
Story of Ganesha (2)
It was Ganesha's birthday and he had been invited for dinner at a devotee's house. Ganesha had a very heavy meal and was returning home on his mouse, when a snake crossed their path. Seeing this, the mouse got very frightened and ran away, in the process felling Ganesha. Ganesha fell and his stomach, which was very full, burst open. Seeing this, the moon burst out laughing. Ganesha felt very humiliated, so he killed the snake and tied it around his stomach. He then gave chase to the moon that ran for his life. The moon managed to evade Ganesha and hid in his palace. Ganesha soon came there and stood guard outside, telling the moon, "Where will you go now? You have to come out sooner or later and then I'll take my revenge".
Now as the Sun had set, it was the turn of Moon to take over the charge of the sky and spread the light for the humanity. It became very dark, as the moon refused to come out. This resulted in chaos on earth. The gods went and pled with Ganesha to free the moon. Ganesha finally relented and let the moon come out, but cursed him saying, " You hid in your house like a thief. Therefore, anybody who sees you on my birthday, will be implicated as a thief". This is the reason why we are not supposed to look at the moon on the auspices of Ganesh Chaturthi.
Story of Ganesha (3)
On an occasion, Shiva and Parvati had been given a fruit by the gods and both the sons Ganesha and Kartikeya wanted it. Some legends claim the dispute was about who was elder of the two. Anyway the parents then suggested that the one who circled the world three times and came back first would get it as a prize. Kartikeya got on the peacock, his vahana (vehicle), and flew around the world stopping at all sacred spots on the way and offering his prayers. But at every major stop, he would find Ganesha ahead of him and was perplexed.
Ganesha understood that his vehicle, the mouse, would not be able to compete with Kartikeya's peacock and he could never beat Kartikeya.
But he thought for a while and came up with a solution. He walked around his parents, Shiva and Parvati, three times, with great devotion. When his parents asked him why he was not circling the globe, he answered that his parents are the whole world for him. HE told them that he need go no further to travel the whole world.
Kartikeya on returning back learned of this, and accepted the superiority of Ganesha, and bowed to him.
Sunday, March 1, 2009
TO FORGIVE IS DIVINE.
Forgiveness
We explore the forgiveness, which is regarded to be the most powerful tool for healing and transformation and the most gracious gift we can give both ourselves and another.
Forgiveness returns us to a place of truth and love and liberates us from toxic emotions and draining attachments. It's the ultimate mind-body-soul detox.
Forgiveness is so powerful for healing, liberation and change.
Forgiveness is something that can elude us, sadly to our own avail. Some things may even seem unforgivable.We all must appreciate the way Lazaris talks about forgiving the 'why', not the 'what’, i.e. the pain or dysfunction that lies behind a given behaviour rather than the behaviour itself.
The below quote on forgiveness is pretty illuminating:
"Forgiveness is really self-forgiveness. If the world is simply a reflection of your own mind, if all blame and judgement are projections of your own guilt and self-attack, then forgiveness of others releases both the others and the subconscious guilt within you. Guilt is really a form of arrogance which makes life all about oneself, rather than just learning the lesson, correcting the mistake and moving on. Forgiveness puts things in perspective and brings back innocence. It returns life to ease, flow and confidence. Forgiveness is not a form of winning the competition while another fails. Nor is it about condescension or superiority. It is not deigning to grant the other mercy - which is really superiority (hidden judgement and overcompensation for guilt and feelings of inadequacy) and competition (distraction from success and fear of the next step)."
Got Forgiveness?
Collected From Write Up By Sheri Rosenthal
The key to forgiveness is to forgive from the heart not from the mind. Knowing in your rational mind that your parents did the best they could to raise you is not enough to constitute forgiveness. If you have any type of negative emotional reaction in the presence of someone, you have not truly forgiven that person. What would happen if you took 5 minutes to walk in the other person's shoes? Could you find compassion for them to understand why things happened the way they did?
Forgiveness doesn't mean you have to agree with what they did or how they did it. Not at all. Your values and beliefs may be very different from theirs. It simply means that you can see the whole truth of what happened and that the Truth encompasses all points of view, not just your own. True compassion of the human experience is that place from which all forgiveness begins. Compassion is an act of unconditional love that is free of any attachment.
Forgiveness is about seeing life with clarity so that you stop judging the activities of others and, instead, take responsibility for your interpretation of those activities. When you judge something that happens in life as good or bad, right or wrong you aren't able to have gratitude for the challenges and experiences life sends your way. No matter how enlightened a person you may be, challenging situations will always happen. However, if you have gratitude for life's challenges you will always find your joy in life and never feel victimized by your circumstances.
Once you have seen the truth you simply make the decision to let go of the pain, anger, and resentment you have been holding on to. If you are addicted to your pain, resentment, self-righteousness, this might be a challenging step for you. There is comfort in what we find familiar, even if we are suffering. However, once you let go, the weight of the world will be released from your shoulders.
In the forgiveness process, it is important to forgive not only the other people in our lives, but also ourselves. For most people, forgiving ourselves is more difficult then forgiving others. Here are a few things to check in with yourself to see if you could use some forgiveness on.
- Forgive yourself for using people in your life to hurt yourself.
- Forgive yourself for not having clarity, for blaming others, and for not taking responsibility for your actions.
- Forgive yourself for wounding others and for the anger, jealousy, and hate you've directed toward others.
- Forgive yourself for participating in situations that went against your integrity.
- Forgive yourself for not respecting yourself.
- Forgive yourself for not trusting yourself and having faith in your abilities.
- Forgive yourself for trying to control the people you love.
- And, of course, forgive yourself for not loving yourself 100% just the way you are!
If you forgive you will be truly happy, and your life will reflect the change back to you in every way. After all, what we think in our minds is what manifests in our lives! The bottom line is that we forgive not because the other person necessarily deserves it, but because we do not want to carry that load around until we die. Anger, hate, and jealousy will make you old, resentful and ugly, inside and out. The question is how much do you love and respect yourself? Is it enough to give your self the gift of forgiveness? Hopefully, Yes.
We explore the forgiveness, which is regarded to be the most powerful tool for healing and transformation and the most gracious gift we can give both ourselves and another.
Forgiveness returns us to a place of truth and love and liberates us from toxic emotions and draining attachments. It's the ultimate mind-body-soul detox.
Forgiveness is so powerful for healing, liberation and change.
Forgiveness is something that can elude us, sadly to our own avail. Some things may even seem unforgivable.We all must appreciate the way Lazaris talks about forgiving the 'why', not the 'what’, i.e. the pain or dysfunction that lies behind a given behaviour rather than the behaviour itself.
The below quote on forgiveness is pretty illuminating:
"Forgiveness is really self-forgiveness. If the world is simply a reflection of your own mind, if all blame and judgement are projections of your own guilt and self-attack, then forgiveness of others releases both the others and the subconscious guilt within you. Guilt is really a form of arrogance which makes life all about oneself, rather than just learning the lesson, correcting the mistake and moving on. Forgiveness puts things in perspective and brings back innocence. It returns life to ease, flow and confidence. Forgiveness is not a form of winning the competition while another fails. Nor is it about condescension or superiority. It is not deigning to grant the other mercy - which is really superiority (hidden judgement and overcompensation for guilt and feelings of inadequacy) and competition (distraction from success and fear of the next step)."
Got Forgiveness?
Collected From Write Up By Sheri Rosenthal
The key to forgiveness is to forgive from the heart not from the mind. Knowing in your rational mind that your parents did the best they could to raise you is not enough to constitute forgiveness. If you have any type of negative emotional reaction in the presence of someone, you have not truly forgiven that person. What would happen if you took 5 minutes to walk in the other person's shoes? Could you find compassion for them to understand why things happened the way they did?
Forgiveness doesn't mean you have to agree with what they did or how they did it. Not at all. Your values and beliefs may be very different from theirs. It simply means that you can see the whole truth of what happened and that the Truth encompasses all points of view, not just your own. True compassion of the human experience is that place from which all forgiveness begins. Compassion is an act of unconditional love that is free of any attachment.
Forgiveness is about seeing life with clarity so that you stop judging the activities of others and, instead, take responsibility for your interpretation of those activities. When you judge something that happens in life as good or bad, right or wrong you aren't able to have gratitude for the challenges and experiences life sends your way. No matter how enlightened a person you may be, challenging situations will always happen. However, if you have gratitude for life's challenges you will always find your joy in life and never feel victimized by your circumstances.
Once you have seen the truth you simply make the decision to let go of the pain, anger, and resentment you have been holding on to. If you are addicted to your pain, resentment, self-righteousness, this might be a challenging step for you. There is comfort in what we find familiar, even if we are suffering. However, once you let go, the weight of the world will be released from your shoulders.
In the forgiveness process, it is important to forgive not only the other people in our lives, but also ourselves. For most people, forgiving ourselves is more difficult then forgiving others. Here are a few things to check in with yourself to see if you could use some forgiveness on.
- Forgive yourself for using people in your life to hurt yourself.
- Forgive yourself for not having clarity, for blaming others, and for not taking responsibility for your actions.
- Forgive yourself for wounding others and for the anger, jealousy, and hate you've directed toward others.
- Forgive yourself for participating in situations that went against your integrity.
- Forgive yourself for not respecting yourself.
- Forgive yourself for not trusting yourself and having faith in your abilities.
- Forgive yourself for trying to control the people you love.
- And, of course, forgive yourself for not loving yourself 100% just the way you are!
If you forgive you will be truly happy, and your life will reflect the change back to you in every way. After all, what we think in our minds is what manifests in our lives! The bottom line is that we forgive not because the other person necessarily deserves it, but because we do not want to carry that load around until we die. Anger, hate, and jealousy will make you old, resentful and ugly, inside and out. The question is how much do you love and respect yourself? Is it enough to give your self the gift of forgiveness? Hopefully, Yes.
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